Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for adaptively superimposing bursts of text over audio signals comprising an encoder and a decoder wherein said encoder comprises means for separating unencoded audio signals into discrete passbands; means for measuring power levels contained in each discrete passband; a time delay; a plurality of power level comparators; means for generating concatenated bursts of digital header, digital text and digital footer signals; a frequency modulator; a modulator output power adjusting means; means for combining time delayed unencoded audio signals with modulator output level; and, means for transmitting or recording resultant encoded sound signals; wherein said decoder comprise means for separating received encoded sound into discrete passbands; an FM demodulator; a text separator; a television modulator; and sound reproduction means.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for determining operating parameters, such as rain margin, of an antenna by attenuating the received signal by, for example, the use of calibrated attenuation pads, the method comprising placing such pads in front of the horn of the antenna feed until impulses appear on the screen of a T.V. or monitor connected to the antenna. The antenna alignment is peaked by determining the orientation of the antenna that yields the minimum impulses. The rain or impulse noise margin is determined by summing the attenuation factors of the pads with the increase in delta G/T due to the attenuation. The tuning of the receiver can be checked by observing the number of black and white impulses. The positioning of the antenna with respect to the polarization of the signal can be checked by determining the rotational position of the feedhorn which yields the minimum number of impulses. The descrambler dropout margin and clear sky carrier-to-noise ratio are determined by the addition of proper constants.

Abstract: An inclinometer is characterized wherein a thin, transparent plastic cylindrical container filled precisely one-half its volume by an inert liquid, is located in the middle of a homogeneous base in the shape of a quarter-circle whose two straight edges are exactly perpendicular, and when positioned upright, the surface of the liquid forms a longitudinal line intersecting the center of the cylinder and the first degree scale marked on the bottom of the cylinder; such that by viewing the said first scale opposite the liquid level, one can rapidly and directly measure the angle displaced by an object over a full 360-degree movement; or, for the purpose of finding any deviation from the horizontal plane, in any and all of the North, South, East and West directions, and/or any direction in-between each direction, can be measured by laying the inclinometer flat on the surface of the object whose inclination is to be measured, and the angular displacement is read directly from the second scale imprinted on the exter