Abstract: An apparatus for deflecting laser radiation comprises: a first lens array comprising a plurality of first lenses arranged next to one another to permit the laser radiation to at least partially pass through the first lens array; a second lens array comprising a plurality of second lenses arranged next to one another to at least partially pass through the second lens array laser radiation that has passed through the first lens array; a rotatable or pivotable first mirror arranged between the first and second lens arrays to deflect in a direction of the second lens array the laser radiation that has passed through the first lens array; and an objective lens to focus laser radiation that has passed through the second lens array into a working plane.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating electron radiation comprises a wire-shaped hot cathode that is much more extensive in a longitudinal direction than in a transverse direction. Electron radiation emerges from the hot cathode that, due to the elongated shape of the hot cathode, exhibits an elongated, line-shaped cross section perpendicular to its direction of propagation, where the extension in longitudinal direction of the line is significantly greater than in transverse direction of the line. The apparatus further comprises a cathode electrode and an anode. A voltage for accelerating the electrons emitted from the hot cathode is applied between the cathode electrode and the anode. The hot cathode is arranged to be spaced apart from the cathode electrode such that electrons that are accelerated to the anode are emitted from the hot cathode in each of the transverse directions.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating electron radiation comprises: an elongated, wire-shaped hot cathode to emit electron radiation having an elongated, line-shaped cross section perpendicular to a direction of propagation of the electron radiation; a cathode electrode; an anode electrode with an opening through which the electron radiation emitted from the hot cathode can pass, wherein a voltage applied between the cathode electrode and the anode electrode accelerates electrons emitted from the hot cathode; and a deflecting unit to deflect the electron radiation downstream of the opening of the anode electrode, wherein a cross section of the electron radiation perpendicular to the direction of propagation is changed by the deflecting unit to decease a longitudinal extent of the electron radiation and to increase a transverse extent of the electron radiation such that longitudinal and transverse extents of the electron radiation perpendicular to the direction of propagation are about the same size.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating electron radiation comprises a wire-shaped hot cathode that is much more extensive in a longitudinal direction than in a transverse direction. Electron radiation emerges from the hot cathode that, due to the elongated shape of the hot cathode, exhibits an elongated, line-shaped cross section perpendicular to its direction of propagation, where the extension in longitudinal direction of the line is significantly greater than in transverse direction of the line. The apparatus further comprises a cathode electrode and an anode. A voltage for accelerating the electrons emitted from the hot cathode is applied between the cathode electrode and the anode. The hot cathode is arranged to be spaced apart from the cathode electrode such that electrons that are accelerated to the anode are emitted from the hot cathode in each of the transverse directions.

Abstract: An apparatus for deflecting and/or modulating a laser radiation, wherein the laser radiation is a plurality of laser beams. The apparatus comprises a plurality of deflecting elements configured as mirror elements or transparent components, and movement apparatus that is capable of moving the plurality of deflecting elements individually or in groups. The movement apparatus comprises a plurality of piezo actuators which are capable of performing a translatory motion.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating electron radiation comprises: an elongated, wire-shaped hot cathode to emit electron radiation having an elongated, line-shaped cross section perpendicular to a direction of propagation of the electron radiation; a cathode electrode; an anode electrode with an opening through which the electron radiation emitted from the hot cathode can pass, wherein a voltage applied between the cathode electrode and the anode electrode accelerates electrons emitted from the hot cathode; and a deflecting unit to deflect the electron radiation downstream of the opening of the anode electrode, wherein a cross section of the electron radiation perpendicular to the direction of propagation is changed by the deflecting unit to decease a longitudinal extent of the electron radiation and to increase a transverse extent of the electron radiation such that longitudinal and transverse extents of the electron radiation perpendicular to the direction of propagation are about the same size.

Abstract: An apparatus for deflecting and/or modulating a laser radiation, wherein the laser radiation is a plurality of laser beams. The apparatus comprises a plurality of deflecting elements configured as mirror elements or transparent components, and movement apparatus that is capable of moving the plurality of deflecting elements individually or in groups. The movement apparatus comprises a plurality of piezo actuators which are capable of performing a translatory motion.

Abstract: An apparatus for deflecting laser radiation comprises: a first lens array comprising a plurality of first lenses arranged next to one another to permit the laser radiation to at least partially pass through the first lens array; a second lens array comprising a plurality of second lenses arranged next to one another to at least partially pass through the second lens array laser radiation that has passed through the first lens array; a rotatable or pivotable first mirror arranged between the first and second lens arrays to deflect in a direction of the second lens array the laser radiation that has passed through the first lens array; and an objective lens to focus laser radiation that has passed through the second lens array into a working plane.

Abstract: A method for producing a solar cell, in particular a silicon thin-film solar cell, wherein a TCO layer (3) is applied to a glass substrate (1) and at least one silicon layer (4, 5) is applied to the TCO layer (3). Before the TCO layer (3) is applied, electron radiation is applied to the glass substrate (1), such that a light-scattering layer (2) of the glass substrate (1) is produced, to which light-scattering layer the TCO layer (3) is applied. Alternatively or additionally, a first silicon layer (4) may be applied to the TCO layer (3), a laser radiation or electron radiation may be applied to the first silicon layer (4), and a second silicon layer (5) may be applied to the irradiated first silicon layer (4).

Abstract: A device (1) for applying light (4) to an inner surface (2) of a cylinder (3), comprising a homogenizer (14), into which light (4) can enter and from which the light (4) can exit, wherein the homogenizer (14) has a cylindrical internal surface (15), on which the light (4) can be reflected after entering and before exiting, and also comprising ways for introducing light (4) into the homogenizing means (14), and focusing arrangements, which can focus light (4) exiting from the homogenizer (14) onto the inner surface (2) of the cylinder (3) to which light (4) is to be applied.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device (20) for producing an electron beam (4), which comprises a hot cathode (1), a cathode electrode (2), an anode electrode (3) having an opening (6) through which an electron beam (4) produced by the device can pass, wherein during the operation of the device (20) a voltage for accelerating the electrons exiting from the hot cathode (1) is applied between the cathode electrode (2) and the anode electrode (3), and further comprising deflection means that can deflect the electron beam (4) that has passed through the opening of the anode electrode (3), wherein the deflection means comprise at least one deflection electrode (8, 12), which can reflect the electron beam (4) and/or which comprises a deflection surface (9) that is inclined towards the propagation direction of the electron beam (4).

Abstract: A 3D printing device for producing a spatially extended product, having at least one first laser light source (1) from which a first laser radiation (2) emerges, a working area (4) to which starting material for the 3D printing to which laser radiation (2) is applied or supplied, wherein the working area (4) is arranged in the 3D printing device such that the laser radiation (2) is incident on the working area (4), scanning arrangements (3, 7) which are designed in particular as movable mirrors, wherein the scanning arrangements are capable of supplying the laser radiation intentionally to specific locations in the working area (4), and arrangements for preheating the starting material in the working area, wherein the arrangements for preheating include at least one second laser light source (5) from which a second laser radiation (6) emerges.

Abstract: 3D printing device for producing a spatially extended product, with at least one laser light source from which a laser radiation (1, 1?, 1?) can emerge, a working area (4) to which a starting material to be exposed to laser radiation (1, 1?, 1?) is supplied, wherein the working area (4) is arranged in the 3D printing device such that the laser radiation (1, 1?, 1?) is incident on the working area (4), and scanning arrangements designed in particular as movable mirrors (2, 12, 13), wherein the scanning arrangements are able to supply the laser radiation (1, 1?, 1?) specifically to desired locations in the working area (4), wherein the at least one laser light source is designed in such a way that during operation of the device, a plurality of mutually spaced-apart points of incidence or areas of incidence of the laser radiation are generated on the working area (4).

Abstract: A method for producing a solar cell, in particular a silicon thin-film solar cell, wherein a TCO layer (3) is applied to a glass substrate (1) and at least one silicon layer (4, 5) is applied to the TCO layer (3). Before the TCO layer (3) is applied, electron radiation is applied to the glass substrate (1), such that a light-scattering layer (2) of the glass substrate (1) is produced, to which light-scattering layer the TCO layer (3) is applied. Alternatively or additionally, a first silicon layer (4) may be applied to the TCO layer (3), a laser radiation or electron radiation may be applied to the first silicon layer (4), and a second silicon layer (5) may be applied to the irradiated first silicon layer (4).

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for generating laser radiation (3) having a linear intensity distribution (11), comprising a plurality of laser light sources for generating laser radiation (3) and optical means for transforming laser radiation (3) exiting from the laser light sources into laser radiation (14) that has a linear intensity distribution (11) in a working plane (9), wherein the laser light sources are constructed as fundamental mode lasers and the device is designed such that each of the laser beams (3) exiting from the laser light sources does not overlap with itself.

Abstract: A method for producing a solar cell, in particular a silicon thin-film solar cell, wherein a TCO layer (3) is deposited on a glass substrate (1) and at least a silicon layer (4, 5) is deposited on the TCO layer (3), wherein the glass substrate (1) is exposed to electron radiation prior to the application of the TCO layer (3), thereby producing a light-scattering layer (2) of the glass substrate (1), onto which the TCO layer (3) is deposited. Alternatively or additionally, a first silicon layer (4) may be deposited on the TCO layer (3), wherein the first silicon layer (4) is exposed to laser radiation or electron radiation, and wherein a second silicon layer (5) is deposited on the irradiated first silicon layer (4).

Abstract: Fiber laser device, comprising at least one optical fiber (1) having a fiber core, which is composed of a laser-active material or comprises a laser-active material, wherein the optical fiber (1) is wound in the shape of a loop, as well as pump means (15) for optical pumping of the fiber core of the at least one optical fiber (1) with pump light (9), wherein the pump means (15) are designed such that the pump light (9) enters the at least one optical fiber (1) laterally from the outside during the operation of the fiber laser device.

Abstract: A device for applying laser radiation to an at least partially reflective or transparent region or a workpiece disposed in a working area, with a laser light source for generating the laser radiation and optics for influencing the laser radiation, such that the radiation is transferred into the working area, wherein the optics comprise at least one mirror that can reflect a part of the laser radiation reflected in the working area or a part of the laser radiation having passed through the working area, such that said part of the laser radiation is at least partially fed hack into the working area.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a solar cell, in particular a silicon thin-film solar cell wherein a TCO layer (3) is applied to a glass substrate (1) and at least one silicon layer (4, 5) is applied to the TCO layer (3). Before the TCO layer (3) is applied, electron radiation is applied to the glass substrate (1), such that a light-scattering layer (2) of the glass substrate (1) is produced, to which light-scattering layer the TCO layer (3) is applied. Alternatively or additionally, according to the invention, a first silicon layer (4) can be applied to the TCO layer (3), a laser radiation or electron radiation can be applied to the first silicon layer (4), and a second silicon layer (5) can be applied to the irradiated first silicon layer (4).

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for the processing of a surface of a workpiece or for the post-treatment of a coating on the outside or the inside of a workpiece, in particular a metal workpiece, preferably a tube, comprising a processing head (2) that can be moved through the workpiece or outside of the workpiece, an optical fiber (5), an arrangement for feeding laser light (10) to the processing head (2) or means for producing laser light in the processing head (2), and optical arrangement (7) arranged in the processing head, which can apply the laser light (10) to the inside or the outside of the workpiece.