Abstract: System and method for simulating an industrial system with a plurality of industrial processes in communication with each other directly or indirectly. The systems and method include: simulating a plurality of industrial processes by providing a set of simulation components, wherein each simulation component simulates one or more industrial processes; defining, for each simulation component, a corresponding encapsulating simulation component; and simulating the industrial system.

Abstract: A method is provided for backside processing a semiconductor wafer (10) including applying a polymer based protective coating (16) on the wafer, depositing a barrier layer of ceramic (18) on the protective coating, and coating the ceramic layer with a thermoplastic based adhesive (20). Thereafter, the wafer (10) is bonded to a perforated substrate (22) and then lapped and polished to a desired thickness and patterned with an etch mask. A high temperature plasma etching process is then used to etch via holes in the wafer (10). After etching and subsequent backside processing, the adhesive layer (20) is dissolved in acetone to separate the wafer (10) from the substrate (22). The protective coating (16) is then dissolved with a solvent to separate the ceramic layer (18) from the finished wafer (10).

Abstract: In a device for directing light longitudinally forwardly, the combination comprises a light source; a drum lens having a body extending about the light source, for refracting light from the source; a light reflector extending about the drum lens body for forwardly re-directing refracted light received from the drum lens body, the drum lens and reflector defining a longitudinally forwardly extending optical axis; and including an aspheric lens located longitudinally forwardly of the light source to refract light received from a source to be transmitted in a forward direction.

Abstract: In a device for directing light longitudinally forwardly, the combination comprising a light source, and a protective, transparent envelope extending about the light source; a drum lens having a body extending about the light source and envelope, for refracting light from the source; a light reflector extending about the drum lens body, for forwardly and convergently re-directing refracted light received from the drum lens body; and a correcting lens for receiving a collimating re-directed light screened from the reflector.

Abstract: A device for directing light longitudinally forwardly, that comprises a lens body having a front face facing forwardly, rearward body extent, and a curved sidewall extending between the rearward body extent and the front face; a rear cavity in the body, the cavity having a sidewall and a front wall defining a corner; and a light source in the cavity, and characterized in that light rays transmitted by the light source toward the curved sidewall, and toward the corner are collimated forwardly.