Abstract: The invention relates to analytical instrument engineering, in particular to spectroscopy. The inventive method for measuring spectroscopic properties of bulk products consists in portionwisely supplying a sample in a measurement area. In order to fully fill said measurement area, several portions (at least two) are loaded and alternately placed substantially in different fields of the horizontal section of the measurement area in such a way that the uniformed distribution and the permanent density of the product in the area of measurement are provided. Afterwards, the spectroscopic properties of the sample are recorded in a standstill and the sample is removed from the area of measurement.

Abstract: The inventive method for carrying out chemical reactions consists in supplying reaction gas from the source (2) thereof to a vacuum reaction chamber (4), forming a supersonic reaction gas stream (1) in said reaction chamber and in activating said reaction gas stream by exposing it to the action of an electron beam (6) in such a way that an electron-beam plasma (8) is produced. The supersonic reaction gas stream is formed in such a way that a decompression zone (5) is produced in the center thereof at entry into the vacuum reaction chamber. Said decompression zone has a density which is lower with respect to the density of the zones adjacent thereto. The action of the electron beam on the reaction gas stream is carried out by introducing said electron beam into said decompression zone.