Abstract: An apparatus and a method is provided for the execution of a program by a program-controlled device, in which the program-controlled device receives instructions and automatically executes the program if it receives an access instruction for accessing a protected memory area. The invention further relates to a programmable transponder containing at least one such program-controlled device.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process of preparing carboxymethyl cellulose comprising the steps of (a) reacting non-regenerated cellulose with an alkalization agent in the presence of water and isopropyl alcohol and (b) reacting the alkalized cellulose with monohaloacetic acid or a salt thereof, wherein 1.0 to 1.6 mol of the alkalization agent and 15 to 30 mol of water are used in step (a) and 0.5 to 0.8 mol of monohaloacetic acid or a salt thereof are used in step (b), each based on 1 mol of anhydroglucose unit of the cellulose. The invention also relates to carboxymethyl cellulose prepared by that process.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method is provided for the execution of a program by a program-controlled device, in which the program-controlled device receives instructions and automatically executes the program if it receives an access instruction for accessing a protected memory area. The invention further relates to a programmable transponder containing at least one such program-controlled device.

Abstract: The invention provides large surface area geogrids with a high tensile strength, a method and apparatus for producing them, and their use as drain and reinforcement grids and as fences. The method for the continuous production of geogrids which have a large surface area and comprise thermoplastic bars which cross one another and are joined together by welding at the areas where they cross one another is characterized in that single-layer, homogeneous, molecular-oriented plastic bars with a high tensile strength are used and a multiplicity of crossing areas arranged behind one another and next to one another are intermittently welded simultaneously using the vibration-welding technique. In this method, a newly developed vibration-welding apparatus is used, which is characterized in that it has at least one vibration device which can be used to weld at least 100 crossing areas, preferably up to 500 crossing areas, simultaneously.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method is provided for the execution of a program by a program-controlled device, in which the program-controlled device receives instructions and automatically executes the program if it receives an access instruction for accessing a protected memory area. The invention further relates to a programmable transponder containing at least one such program-controlled device.

Abstract: In a process for the transfer of data between a base station and a transponder by an electromagnetic carrier wave, on which data bits are modulated by amplitude modulation, the duration of a modulation interval of a data bit is determined and compared with a reference value, a correction value is calculated from the deviation of the actual value of the duration of the modulation interval from the reference value, and the actual values of the duration of the modulation intervals of the following data bits are corrected with the correction time. As a result of the correction, the duration of the modulation intervals may be reduced and the data transfer rate increased or the transfer rate may be adapted to the transfer conditions.

Abstract: The invention provides large surface area geogrids with a high tensile strength, a method and apparatus for producing them, and their use as drain and reinforcement grids and as fences. The method for the continuous production of geogrids which have a large surface area and comprise thermoplastic bars which cross one another and are joined together by welding at the areas where they cross one another is characterized in that single-layer, homogeneous, molecular-oriented plastic bars with a high tensile strength are used and a multiplicity of crossing areas arranged behind one another and next to one another are intermittently welded simultaneously using the vibration-welding technique. In this method, a newly developed vibration-welding apparatus is used, which is characterized in that it has at least one vibration device which can be used to weld at least 100 crossing areas, preferably up to 500 crossing areas, simultaneously.

Abstract: A water-soluble, biodegradable hydroxyalkyl cellulose-2-hydroxycarboxylic acid ester is disclosed. The hydroxyalkyl cellulose-2-hydroxycarboxylic acid ester has: (i) a molecular degree of substitution of the hydroxyalkyl group of less than 1.5 (MShydroxyalkyl<1.5); and (ii) a molecular degree of substitution of the 2-hydroxycarboxylic acid group of greater than 0.4 and less than 3 (0.4<MS2-hydroxycarboxylic acid<3). Also described is a method of preparing the hydroxyalkyl cellulose-2-hydroxycarboxylic acid ester, and methods of using it, e.g., as a consistency regulator in at least one of foodstuffs, cosmetics, building materials, paints and strippers.

Abstract: In a process for the transfer of data between a base station and a transponder by means of an electromagnetic carrier wave, on which data bits are modulated by means of amplitude modulation, the duration of a modulation interval of a data bit is determined and compared with a reference value, a correction value is calculated from the deviation of the actual value of the duration of the modulation interval from the reference value, and the actual values of the duration of the modulation intervals of the following data bits are corrected with the correction time. As a result of the correction, the duration of the modulation intervals may be reduced and the data transfer rate increased or the transfer rate may be adapted to the transfer conditions.

Abstract: A water and/or oil-impermeable sealing mat is provided in form of a bentonite non-woven fabric combination with the possibility of transmitting thrust from one batt layer to the other, i.e. on a slope thrust forces can be transmitted by the covering batt material through the layer of swellable clay into the supporting batt material. Such a sealing mat is a fiber-reinforced mineral seal permitting the transmission of thrust forces on slopes, without the risk of the layer of swellable clay itself becoming the preferred sliding plane. The sealing mat consists of a non-woven textile material as substrate layer, a layer of swellable clay, preferably sodium bentonite, and a cover layer consisting preferably also of a non-woven textile material, all three layers having been needled together in the conventional manner in a needle loom. When moistened, the clay swells and forms the water and/or oil-impermeable layer.