Abstract: A blood substitute employs combinations of fluoro or perfluorochemicals capable in the presence of emulsifying agents of forming emulsions stable at room temperature and possessing enhanced oxygen carrying capacity; the invention enables preparation of an improved blood substitute, with improved O.sub.2 carrying capacity and stability, as well as lessened anaphylactoid reaction.

Abstract: A blood substitute employs combinations of fluoro or perfluorochemicals capable in the presence of emulsifying agents of forming emulsions stable at room temperature and possessing enhanced oxygen carrying capacity; the invention enables preparation of an improved blood substitute, with improved O.sub.2 carrying capacity and stability, as well as lessened anaphylactoid reaction.

Abstract: A solution of DMSO and a body reactive agent (such as citric acid) is provided, and is typically topically applied to the body, as to a wart or to the skin of the throat.

Abstract: A solution of DMSO and a body reactive agent (such as citric acid) is provided, and is typically topically applied to the body.

Abstract: A blood substitute employs combinations of fluoro or perfluorochemicals capable in the presence of emulsifying agents of forming emulsions stable at room temperature and possessing enhanced oxygen carrying capacity; the invention enables preparation of an improved blood substitute, with improved O.sub.2 carrying capacity and stability, as well as lessened anaphylactoid reaction.

Abstract: A solution of DMSO and a body reactive agent (such as citric acid) is provided, and is typically topically applied to the body.

Abstract: A solution of lidocaine hydrochloride, dimethyl sulfoxide and citric acid or citric acid monohydrate is prepared, for topical application to an animal or human.

Abstract: Apparatus is provided to detect a discontinuity indicative of a hole in the bore wall of an axially extending tubular member. It comprises:(a) a carrier to be traveled axially lengthwise in the bore of the tubular member,(b) an acoustical wave transmitter located on the carrier to transmit acoustical waves for travel toward the bore wall and for reflection therefrom,(c) an acoustical wave detector at least partially located on the carrier to receive acoustical waves reflected from the bore wall and to detect the presence or absence of such reflected waves, and(d) a control for providing an indication of such discontinuity, and for controlling the transmission to the detector of the reflected acoustical waves, and characterized in that the detector is controllably exposed to reception of a sequential succession of reflected acoustical waves corresponding to a sequential succession of bore wall portions from which the waves are reflected.

Abstract: Solar heating apparatus comprises(a) a generally horizontally elongated tank to contain liquid,(b) a generally longitudinally extending horizontally elongated container extending about the tank, the container defining glazing facing one side of the tank and a top portion of the tank, adapted to receive impingement of solar radiation, the glazing spaced from the tank,(c) and a solar radiation auxiliary reflecting panel projecting generally away from a region below the level of the lower extent of the tank and exteriorly of the container to reflect solar radiation toward and through the glazing for impingement on the tank.

Abstract: Heat transfer apparatus comprises:(a) a heat pump, and(b) a distillation means operatively connected with the heat pump to receive distillable fluid therefrom for condensation and release of latent heat Q.sub.c,(c) the heat pump connected with said distillation means to receive said latent heat for addition of work input and re-transfer to the distillation fluid.

Abstract: Apparatus usable to heat fluid comprises:(a) a steam vessel having an inlet for water and an outlet for steam,(b) heating means associated with the vessel to heat water received therein and produce steam, and(c) a condenser connected with the vessel outlet to receive steam, the condenser adapted to extend in heat transfer relation with the fluid to heat that fluid in response to condensation of steam in said condenser, the condenser having a condensate outlet, and(d) other means to remove solid particles from the vessel.

Abstract: High efficiency solar collector apparatus heats throughput liquid or fluid to relatively high temperature.