Abstract: A method for decoding an encoded video stream is provided that includes when a sequence parameter set in the encoded video stream is lost, wherein the sequence parameter set includes a frame number parameter, a picture order count parameter, a picture height parameter, a picture width parameter, and a plurality of non-critical parameters, assigning default values to the plurality of non-critical parameters, setting the picture height parameter and the picture width parameter based on a common pixel resolution, when a slice header of an instantaneous decoding refresh picture is available, determining the frame number parameter from the slice header, and determining the picture order count parameter using the frame number parameter, the default values, the pixel height parameter, and the picture width parameter, and using the parameters to decode a slice in the encoded video stream.

Abstract: The H.264/AVC decoded picture buffer is managed with an additional display queue list and a free buffer list together with the decoded picture buffer determined by pointers to frame buffers to limit frame copying.

Abstract: The in-loop deblocking filter for H.264 video coding has additional buffers for in-place filtering and minimizing memory transfers. One buffer holds a reconstructed macroblock plus columns of the left prior macroblock pixels for vertical edge filtering and plus rows of the top macroblock pixels for horizontal edge filtering; and the other buffer holds the bottom pixel rows of all of the macroblocks of the preceding row of macroblocks.

Abstract: The memory access efficiency for video decoding is maximized by interleaved storage of luminance and chrominance data. Macroblocks of luminance and chrominance interleave to blocks of 16×32 by repeating chrominance rows.

Abstract: Decoding of H.264 transform coefficients with four arithmetic units in parallel provides efficiency.

Abstract: An improvement in the synthesis of high-pitched voices and sounds is provided by downshifting the pitch 11 of the original input voice or sound before LPC analysis 13. This downshifting of the pitch is provided by upsampling 21, low pass filtering 22, downsampling 23, and performing time scale modification 24.

Abstract: A synthesis of percussion musical instruments sounds is provided using a microprocessor (17) that implements an all pole lattice filter and applying either a single impulse signal to the filter or N samples of an excitation signal sequence to the filter by a memory (19). The coefficients of the filter are determined by storing digital samples (501) of desired musical note from a desired percussion instrument, generating a Fourier transform to get a spectrum (502), picking the peaks of the spectrum (503) to select the most prominent components in the spectrum and determining wanted frequencies for decaying sine waves and for the frequencies finding the time envelope and estimating therefrom the pole radius.

Abstract: A synthesizer may synthesize speech by receiving an adaptive codebook excitation signal and an adaptive codebook gain. The adaptive codebook excitation signal may be scaled using the adaptive codebook gain to generate a scaled adaptive codebook excitation signal. A fixed excitation signal and a fixed excitation gain may also be received. The fixed excitation signal may be scaled using the fixed excitation gain to generate a scaled fixed excitation signal. The scaled adaptive codebook excitation signal and the scaled fixed excitation signal may be combined to generate the excitation signal having a first word length. An overall gain signal of the excitation signal may also be received. A scaled excitation signal may then be generated by scaling the excitation signal using the overall gain signal. The scaled excitation signal may have a second word length greater than the first word length.

Abstract: A Karaoke (10) apparatus with autokeying is provided by measuring the average pitch (28) of the singer or user over a predetermined time period, comparing (29) the pitch of the singer or user voice to that of a reference pitch to provide a signal representing mismatch and changing the pitch (31) of the background music to match that of the singer or user.