Abstract: Described here is a method for determining the mean length of filaments formed on rotational atomization of a coating material composition, the method including atomization of the coating material composition by means of a rotational atomizer including as application element a bell cup capable of a rotation (1), optical capture of the filaments formed here at the bell cup edge, by means of at least one camera (2), and digital evaluation of the optical data obtained in this way, to give the mean filament length of those filaments formed on atomization that are located at the edge of the bell cup (3), as well as methods for compiling an electronic database and for screening coating material compositions when developing paint formulations.

Abstract: A subsea electric actuator includes an electric motor and a telescopic drive connection from the motor to a drive unit that can be moved to and fro and converts rotary motion of the connection to linear motion of an actuating stem. A return spring is operable on the drive unit to urge the actuating stem towards a datum state. An electromagnetic latch is operative when set to maintain the drive unit in a predetermined position so as to decouple the action of the return spring whereby the stem can be advanced and retracted relative to the drive unit free from the action of the return spring. De-energization of the latch allows the return spring to operate on the drive unit to return the actuating stem to the datum state. Various forms of electromagnetic latches are described.

Abstract: A subsea electric actuator includes an electric motor and a telescopic drive connection from the motor to a drive unit that can be moved to and fro and converts rotary motion of the connection to linear motion of an actuating stem. A return spring is operable on the drive unit to urge the actuating stem towards a datum state. An electromagnetic latch is operative when set to maintain the drive unit in a predetermined position so as to decouple the action of the return spring whereby the stem can be advanced and retracted relative to the drive unit free from the action of the return spring. De-energization of the latch allows the return spring to operate on the drive unit to return the actuating stem to the datum state. Various forms of electromagnetic latches are described.

Abstract: A subsea electric actuator comprises an electric motor and a telescopic drive connection (8) from the motor to a drive unit (10, 11, 12) which can be moved to and fro and converts rotary motion of the connection to linear motion of an actuating stem (5). A return spring (14) is operable on the drive unit to urge the actuating stem towards a datum state. An electromagnetic latch (15) is operative when set to maintain the drive unit in a predetermined position so as to decouple the action of the return spring whereby the stem can be advanced and retracted relative to the drive unit free from the action of the return spring. De-energization of the latch allows the return spring to operate on the drive unit to return the actuating stem to the datum state. Various forms of electromagnetic latch are described.

Abstract: A subsea electric actuator comprises an electric motor and a telescopic drive connection (8) from the motor to a drive unit (10, 11, 12) which can be moved to and fro and converts rotary motion of the connection to linear motion of an actuating stem (5). A return spring (14) is operable on the drive unit to urge the actuating stem towards a datum state. An electromagnetic latch (15) is operative when set to maintain the drive unit in a predetermined position so as to decouple the action of the return spring whereby the stem can be advanced and retracted relative to the drive unit free from the action of the return spring. De-energisation of the latch allows the return spring to operate on the drive unit to return the actuating stem to the datum state. Various forms of electromagnetic latch are described.

Abstract: An artificial tooth is provided that includes a cutting mass brought into hardened condition by light polymerization, a tooth bone mass brought into hardened condition by light polymerization, and a base mass. Those masses bordering one another are intensively interconnected with one another. The process for producing an artificial tooth includes subjecting the cutting mass disposed in a mold to light polymerization, subsequently disposing the tooth bone mass on the first mass while the cutting mass is still disposed in the mold, and subjecting the tooth bone mass to light polymerization with light passed through the mold and the cutting mass disposed in the mold.

Abstract: An artificial tooth is provided that includes a cutting mass brought into hardened condition by light polymerization, a tooth bone mass brought into hardened condition by light polymerization, and a base mass. Those masses bordering one another are intensively interconnected with one another. The process for producing an artificial tooth includes subjecting the cutting mass disposed in a mold to light polymerization, subsequently disposing the tooth bone mass on the first mass while the cutting mass is still disposed in the mold, and subjecting the tooth bone mass to light polymerization with light passed through the mold and the cutting mass disposed in the mold.

Abstract: An artificial tooth is provided that includes a cutting mass brought into hardened condition by light polymerization, a tooth bone mass brought into hardened condition by light polymerization, and a base mass. Those masses bordering one another are intensively interconnected with one another. The process for producing an artificial tooth includes subjecting the cutting mass disposed in a mold to light polymerization, subsequently disposing the tooth bone mass on the first mass while the cutting mass is still disposed in the mold, and subjecting the tooth bone mass to light polymerization with light passed through the mold and the cutting mass disposed in the mold.

Abstract: A garment hanger and toy combination comprises a head and body disposed along a longitudinal axis and limbs extending outwardly from the body transversely of the axis. Support means are provided for hanging the combination and the support means is is extendible outwardly from a recess within a top portion of the head when the combination is to be used as a garment hanger, and is retractable into the recess when the combination is to be used as a toy. Movement of the support means is along the axis and is limited to axial movement only, with negligible rotational movement. Preferably, the support means is subjected to an outwardly directed resilient force, and the support means can be latched with a latch structure against the outwardly directed force to hold the support means retracted. The latch structure can be released by direct application of a force to a lower portion of the body, or alternatively can be released by bending the limb sufficiently to release the latch.