Abstract: Process for the preparation of polymers of vinylphosphonic acid in water with the aid of catalysts which form free radicals, which comprises heating vinylphosphonic acid and (meth)acrylic acid to temperatures of 40.degree. to 120.degree. C. in water in the presence of 1 to 5.5% by weight of aliphatic peroxy esters and/or diacyl peroxides which dissociate by half in one hour at temperatures below 122.degree. C., the total amount of vinylphosphonic acid being taken together with up to 30% by weight, based on the total amount of monomer, of (meth)acrylic acid and the remainder of the (meth)acrylic acid being added in the course of the reaction.The copolymers are suitable for use in detergent and cleaning agents.

Abstract: Water-soluble copolymers containing a statistical distribution of 1-86% by weight of structural units of the formula ##STR1## 9-80% by weight of units of the formula ##STR2## 5-90% by weight of units of the formula ##STR3## and up to a total of 30% by weight of one or more units of the formulae ##STR4## wherein R.sup.1 is alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms;R.sup.2 and R.sup.5 independently of one another are each hydrogen or methyl;R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 independently of one another are each hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, or together R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are trimethylene or pentamethylene;Y is a direct bond, phenylene or a moiety of the formula --CO--NH--C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --;X.sym. is H.sym. or a cation;and said copolymers are useful as dyestuff auxiliaries and leather retanning agents.

Abstract: In the process for the preparation of 4-benzyl aspartate starting from dibenzyl aspartate and/or its salts only one benzyl group is selectively removed by catalytic hydrogenation. By setting up appropriate reaction conditions elimination takes place mainly of the benzyl group on the C.sub.1 atom of the compound. The desired product can be isolated from the reaction mixture by precipitation.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of polymers of vinylphosphonic acid in protic diluents with the aid of catalysts which form free radicals, which comprises heating vinylphosphonic acid at temperatures of 40.degree. to 130.degree. C. in a total of 10 to 150% by weight of protic diluents for a total of 4-60 hours in the presence of 1.0 to 5.5% by weight of aliphatic peroxy-esters, diacyl peroxides and/or aliphatic azo compounds which decompose by half in one hour at temperatures below 122.degree. C.

Abstract: Crosslinked copolymers wherein crosslinking is effected with crosslinking bridge members of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently of one another are each hydrogen or alkyl with 1 to 4 carbon atoms and m represents a number from 0 to 6 are prepared by copolymerization of monomers with vinylphosphonic acid (ester)-anhydrides and the new crosslinked polymers according to the invention are suitable for the preparation of acid-soluble coatings and encapsulation materials.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of vinylphosphonic acid dichloride and 2-chloroethanephosphonic acid dichloride, wherein 2-chloroethanephosphonic acid derivatives containing 2-chloroethyl ester groups, as produced in the Arbusow rearrangement of tris-chloroethyl phosphite, are heated to 150.degree. to 230.degree. C. in a first stage, and, in a second stage, the residual reaction mixture is reacted with phosgene at 90.degree.-200.degree. C., in the presence of basic catalysts or of alkali metal salts as catalysts, and in the presence of phosphonic acid dichlorides.

Abstract: A method for making a vinylphosphonic acid diester of the formulaCH.sub.2 .dbd.CH--P(O)(OR).sub.2by heating a dialkyl 2-acetoxyethane phosphonate of the formulaCH.sub.3 COOCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 P(O)(OR).sub.2in the presence of an acidic or basic catalyst and reacting the resulting product with an orthoester of the formulaR.sup.1 C(OR).sub.3.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of vinylphosphonic acid derivatives by heating 2-chloroethanephosphonic acid derivatives which contain 2-chloroethyl ester groups to temperatures of from 150.degree. to 230.degree. C.

Abstract: An inorganic, phosphate-containing cellular material is manufactured from Portland cement, polyphosphoric acid and an expanding agent acting in an acidic medium. There may be added furthermore aluminous cement, oxides of calcium, zinc, aluminum, iron, hydroxides of aluminum and iron, fillers and reinforcing agents. By intense intermixing of the starting products a mixture is prepared which has an equivalent ratio of (Al+Mg+CA+Fe) to phosphate of 0.8:1 to 3.0:1. The mixture foams, is charged to a mold, heated if necessary to a temperature of 80.degree. C., and after completed exothermal reaction hardened under heat.

Abstract: Process for the manufacture of vinyl phosphonic acid derivatives of the formula ##STR1## with R.sub.1 being hydrogen or alkyl with 1 to 4, preferably 1 to 2, carbon atoms and n being 1 or 2, which comprises heating to 150.degree.-270.degree. C., preferably 170.degree. to 230.degree. C., 2-acetoxyethane phosphonic acid dialkyl esters of the formula ##STR2## with R.sub.2 being alkyl with 1 to 4, preferably 1 to 2, carbon atoms, in the presence of acidic or basic catalysts.

Abstract: Improved polyesters soluble or dispersible in water having an apparent average molecular weight of 800 to 5,000 and containing phosphonic ester moieties are useful as levelling auxiliaries for uniform dyeing and are produced by esterifying dibasic acids and dihydric alcohols, either or both of which contain phosphonic acid moieties, phosphonic acid ester moieties or both.

Abstract: A process for the pretreatment of textile material consisting entirely or partially of cellulose fibers and which is to be printed according to the thermotransfer process, which comprises impregnating the textile material with a solution or dispersion containing(a) a compound of the formula INH.sub.2 --CO--Y--R (I)wherein R stands for a group of the formulae R.sub.a, R.sub.b or R.sub.c ##STR1## in said formulae R.sub.1 is hydrogen or C.sub.1-4 alkyl, R.sub.2 is C.sub.1-4 alkyl, R.sub.3 is hydrogen or methyl, n is an integer of from 1 to 6, m is an integer of from 1 to 10, X is CH.sub.2 or O and Y, in case that R stands for R.sub.a or R.sub.b is an oxygen atom and in case that R stands for R.sub.c is an oxygen atom or an imino group (NH),(b) a glyoxal or melamine formaldehyde resin and(c) an acid catalyst for the condensation of these resins, and subsequently drying the textile material and subjecting it to the action of heat.

Abstract: Process for the manufacture of phosphinic and phosphonic acid anhydrides by reacting phosphinic and phosphonic acid halides with an aliphatic carboxylic acid anhydride and removing the carboxylic acid halide having been formed by distillation.

Abstract: Organic phosphorus compounds possessing 3-hydroxyalkylphosphinic acid ester groups of the formula ##STR1## wherein the individual symbols have the meaning given in the description. These compounds have been obtained by reaction of compounds containing one or more hydroxyl groups with a 2-substituted 2-oxo-oxa-phospholane. The products of the above formula are in particular suitable for use as flameproofing agents for textile material.

Abstract: Mixtures of oligomeric phosphorus compounds which are obtained in the first step by reaction of a mono- to hexavalent alcohol with phosphinic, phosphonic and phosphoric acid derivatives containing at least one anhydride oxygen and possibly containing terminal acid P-OH radicals and by subsequent reaction in the second step with alkylene oxides or alkylene carbonates. These phosphorus compounds which contain hydroxyalkylphosphonic acid groups, may be suitably employed directly as flame-retardant finishes for textile articles or as intermediates thereof.

Abstract: Organic phosphorus compounds with 2-hydroxyalkylphosphonic acid groups of the general formula I ##STR1## the individual symbols in the above formula I having the meaning as given in the description. The compounds, which are used as flame retardants for textile material, are prepared by reacting 1 mole of a compound of the general formula IIZ.sub.n (OH).sub.n (II)with 1 to n.

Abstract: Bisphosphinic acid anhydrides of the formula ##STR1## in which R is a saturated open chain or cyclic alkylene radical, an arylene or aralkylene radical, and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, which may be identical or different, represent optionally halogen substituted alkyl, aryl or aralkyl radicals, and m represents an integer .gtoreq.1, preferably .gtoreq.2 and a process for their preparation which comprises reacting bisphosphinic acid derivatives of the formula ##STR2## in which R.sup.3 and R.sup.4, are hydrogen, monovalent cations, the ammonium group or optionally halogen-substituted alkyl groups, with inorganic acid chlorides and/or with phosgene and/or with oxalyl chloride and/or with the corresponding bromine compounds in a molar ratio of about 1:1 at a temperature up to 250.degree. C.

Abstract: Alkane-bisalkylphosphinic anhydrides consisting of repeating units of the formula ##STR1## and process for the manufacture of alkane-phosphonicanhydrides and alkane-bisalkyl-phosphonic anhydrides consisting of repeating units of the formula ##STR2## wherein alkane-phosphonic acids or alkane-bisalkyl-phosphinic acids of the formula ##STR3## are heated to 250.degree. to 450.degree. C. under reduced pressure while splitting off water.

Abstract: Carbamoyl-oxyalkyl-phosphinic acid derivatives or mixtures thereof of the formula ##STR1## in which Z.sub.n is an n-valent, saturated C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -hydrocarbon group, R.sub.1 is an optionally branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl group, which group may be substituted by a halogen atom, or a phenyl group, R.sub.2 is an optionally branched C.sub.2 -C.sub.7 -alkylene group, a is zero to n-1 and n is an integer of from 1 to 4. These compounds can be prepared by reacting phosphonites of the formula II ##STR2## in the presence of radical-forming agents, with a carbamate of the formula IIICH.sub.2 .dbd.R.sub.3 --O--CO--NH.sub.2 IIIin which R.sub.3 is an optionally branched C.sub.2 -C.sub.7 -alkylene group and is identical with the radical R.sub.2 containing one hydrogen atom less. The compounds are used as flame-retardants for textiles.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## WHEREIN Z is alkyl with 2 to 6 carbom atoms, x is oxygen, NH or sulfur, n and m are integers from 2 to 6, r is zero or 1, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are hydrogen or methyl and R.sup.3 is methyl, ethyl or phenyl. They are obtained by reacting 1 mole of a compound of formulaZ--(X--H).sub.nwith n.multidot.m moles of an alkylencoxide or alkylenecarbonate of the formulas ##STR2## and n(m+r) moles of a phospholane of formula ##STR3## These compounds are used as flameproofing agents especially for pile carpets.