Abstract: A compression system for joining structural components under tension utilizing a bolt with a shank, an end and a head, one or more flat washers and one or more compression springs. One of the structural components, the bolt end and the nut carry indicia means that form a linear relationship with each other when the system is in an initial tensioned and starting condition and form a selectably angular relationship when the nut is tightened on the bolt a predetermined amount. The system enables the consistent uniform tightening of the system elements to combine structural components and provide consistent spring loading throughout.

Abstract: A generally flat, flexible, resilient, double faced spring used in combination with a generally flat spacer with the spring having the same number of uniform protrusions on each of its flat surfaces, the protrusions on each surface being equidistant from each other. The protrusions have spherical tips which function as multiple fulcrums, a spherical tip protrusion on one side of the spring surface being precisely halfway between the spherical protrusion on the other surface such that no protrusion on one surface is exactly opposite a protrusion on the other. The essentially flat spacer is equipped with protrusion receiving recesses spaced to coincide with the locations of the protrusion on the adjacent spring. The tip of each protrusion of a spring is in alignment with a respective spacer recess so that when multiprotrusion springs are combined with a spacer, they are prevented by the recesses from laterally shifing or moving into a rotational position.

Abstract: The springs in accordance with this invention comprise flat, double surfaced components of resilient, flexible material, which components have an equal number of uniform projections or protrusions on each side. The protrusions or projections are rounded or generally spherically shaped, and equally spaced one from another, with the protrusions on one surface of the flat component being precisely intermediate the protrusions on the other surface. Where protrusions are formed by a press which forms a dent in one surface, dents and protrusions alternate on each surface, whereas the side or surface of the component opposite each solid protrusion is flat. The springs are controlled by simple beam deflection. They are inexpensive to produce and may be employed in numerous systems to minimize friction, overheating, stress, fatigue or deformation, damp oscillations or vibrations and maintain alignment.