Abstract: According to one aspect of the invention, iterative local alignment is employed to process two versions of a text and to identify novel contributions and their positions in the newer text version. In one embodiment, the new or target version of the text is aligned to the old or reference version of the text in an iterative process. The iterative process produces a local alignment of both text versions, which is optimal according to the selected parameters. In another embodiment, aligned substrings are removed from the texts and the iterative process is continued until no more aligned substrings can be obtained. In one example, authorship may be transferred from every aligned substring of the reference text version to the corresponding substring of the target text version. In another example, authorship for unaligned substrings of the target text version may be assigned to the author of the target text version.

Abstract: According to the invention, an initial trajectory (2) that is to be followed in a positionally guided manner is input into a computer (15), said initial trajectory (2) being described by an initial function (AF) such that one respective corresponding position (pA) is determined on the initial trajectory (2) by substituting a scalar trajectory parameter (s) into the initial function (AF). The scalar trajectory parameter (s) is different from time (t) while being characteristic of a distance (s) covered along the initial trajectory (2). The computer (15) filters the initial trajectory (2) with low-pass characteristics referring to the scalar trajectory parameter (s) as a function of the scalar trajectory parameter (s) and thus determines a rough function (GF) such that one respective corresponding position (pG) is determined on the rough trajectory (13) by substituting the scalar trajectory parameter (s) into the rough function (GF).

Abstract: A column device comprises a stationary phase having a plurality of particles adapted for interacting with a mobile phase in order to separate different compounds of a sample fluid dissolved in the mobile phase, a housing for at least partly housing the stationary phase, and a separator separating sections of the stationary phase and being force-coupled with the housing.

Abstract: An apparatus for packing a chromatography column with a granular packing medium is disclosed. The apparatus includes a chamber adapted to hold a mixture of the packing medium and a liquid. The chamber is in fluid communication with a pump and the column. A vibrator is positioned so as to agitate the mixture within the chamber. The invention also includes a method of packing the chromatography column by forming a mixture comprising the packing medium and the liquid, positioning the mixture within the chamber, agitating the mixture, and pumping liquid into the chamber thereby forcing the mixture through the column.

Abstract: An optical duplexer, configured as a directional coupler, is integrated into an optical coupling arrangement with a fiber optic pigtail, constructed in planar-optical hybrid technology on a substrate (1). To reduce the required surface area and decrease optical cross talk, the branch of the directional coupler (waveguide 6, branch 7) is sharply bent. The bend is equipped with a reflecting mirror (11) integrated opposite the inner edge (10) of the bend. Furthermore, the waveguiding end of the bent branch (7) is equipped with a cylindrical lens. A laser diode (8) is located before this, and a photodiode (5) is located before the angled end of the straight-line integrated waveguide (2).

Abstract: An apparatus for the recognition of exchangeable parts in an analytical measuring instrument or in an analytical measurement system with several analytical devices, which contain exchangeable parts has identification modules each attached to an exchangeable part, and transmit-receive devices which can receive information signals from an identification module and send information signals to an identification module, and a control device which evaluates the information from an identification module. The control device can cause a message to be displayed on a display device, if the information read out from an identification module does not fulfill certain conditions, for example with regard to the quality of the corresponding part.

Abstract: A separation column for chromatography, such as for liquid chromatography or supercritical fluid chromatography, comprises a separation tube made of a ceramic composite material and a stationary phase packed into the separation tube. The column has a high pressure stability and smooth inner surface leading to improved chromatographic properties.

Abstract: A process for underlaying flat-bed steel rule dies prior to producing sheet-like geometrical cut blanks, preferably from multi-blank sheets, in which varying tolerances, in the punching and cutting direction, of the steel rule cutters held in a rigid plate are compensated by a sheet, corresponding to the area of the sheet being cut, placed on the back of the steel rule cutter plate and consisting of a flowable hardenable plastic, the upper and lower platen being moved together so as to close the die and the sheet of plastic, bearing the relief formed thereon, then being solidified by an after-treatment.