Abstract: This relates to the construction of a pull tab integrally formed on a closure which is bonded to a container by way of a rupturable bond. Instead of utilizing the conventional pull tab which is normally integrally connected to the closure, the pull tab has been modified so as to provide two or more lines of bond rupturing forces as opposed to the prior art original single line with the two or more lines of bond rupturing forces having a tendency to spread in opposite directions and thereby greatly reducing the force required to initiate a rupture of the bond between the closure and the container. Numerous different types of notches, openings and the like are provided to provide for the separate lines of bond rupturing forces. These notches, openings and the like also function to constrain stray electric current induced into an intermediate metal layer of the closure and pull tab flowing into the pull tab, thereby reducing the power requirement for heating the closure to a bonding temperature.

Abstract: A simplified heavy-duty press having a bed and a support head mounted from the press bed for limited vertical movement under predetermined spring preload. The entire drive (less motor) and rams are carried from the press head and these components are movable away from the bed when the tools between the ram and bed encounter an obstruction beyond the preload. The preload limits maximum operative force that will be transmitted in the mechanisms where precise control of the components/dimensions may be difficult to maintain because of manufacturing limitations or because of thermal expansion.

Abstract: A pre-loading and energy absorbing mechanism in a press having a ram and a primary overload release comprising a preloaded spring assembly interposed between connecting rod pin and the ram and the connecting means to the tooling to take up excessive loads which develop due to thermal expansion or improper positioning of the tooling or kiss-block or an article to be formed or because of malfunction in the tooling, and a secondary higher overload release comprising a pre-loaded spring assembly interposed between the ram supporting head or the base of a press and the connecting structure therebetween, the head/base being movable away from and back to a fixed position in a connecting structure.