Abstract: An apparatus for producing stress on a surface, comprising one or more service assembly and one or more cleaning assembly. The service assembly comprises one or more means for applying dirt to said surface, or one or more means for scuffing said surface, or one or more means for dragging a test material across said surface, or a combination thereof. The cleaning assembly comprises one or more scrubber, or one or more burnisher, or a combination thereof. Also provided is a method of testing a surface with such an apparatus.

Abstract: There is provided a method for identifying the color intensities of red lines on a white test strip. The method comprises the following steps: (A) attaching the white test strip to a card that is larger and darker than the white test strip, (B) scanning the card with the attached white test strip, (C) creating a digital image of the card, in which each pixel in the digital image has a Red value, a Green value, and a Blue value, (D) using the digital image to calculate a color intensity for each red line on the white test strip.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing stress on a surface, comprising one or more service assembly and one or more cleaning assembly. The service assembly comprises one or more means for applying dirt to said surface, or one or more means for scuffing said surface, or one or more means for dragging a test material across said surface, or a combination thereof. The cleaning assembly comprises one or more scrubber, or one or more burnisher, or a combination thereof. Also provided is a method of testing a surface with such an apparatus.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing stress on a surface, comprising one or more service assembly and one or more cleaning assembly. The service assembly comprises one or more means for applying dirt to said surface, or one or more means for scuffing said surface, or one or more means for dragging a test material across said surface, or a combination thereof. The cleaning assembly comprises one or more scrubber, or one or more burnisher, or a combination thereof. Also provided is a method of testing a surface with such an apparatus.

Abstract: There is provided a method for identifying the color intensities of red lines on a white test strip, comprising the steps of (A) attaching said white test strip to a card that is larger and darker than said white test strip, (B) scanning said card with said attached white test strip, (C) creating a digital image of said card, wherein each pixel in said digital image has a Red value, a Green value, and a Blue value, (D) using said digital image to calculate a color intensity for each red line on said white test strip.

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus for producing stress on a surface, said apparatus comprising one or more service assembly and one or more cleaning assembly, (a) wherein said service assembly comprises one or more means for applying dirt to said surface, or one or more means for scuffing said surface, one or more means for dragging a test material across said surface, or a combination thereof, and (b) wherein said cleaning assembly comprises one or more scrubber, or one or more burnisher, or a combination thereof. Also provided is a method of testing a surface with such an apparatus.

Abstract: An improved closure device for a laboratory scale chemical reactor which provides fast and efficient opening and closing of the reaction vessel as well as providing a simple and reliable system for relieving excessive pressure should it build up in the reaction vessel. The reactor is sealed by use of a substantially flat head that is seated against the rim of the reaction vessel by pressure which is generated by a variably adjustable closure means. Since the closure pressure can be adjusted to any value within the design limitations of the closure means, the closure means also operates as a pressure relief valve.