Abstract: A device is described for straightening a curved steel strand cast continuously by means of a casting wheel machine or a curved mold continuously casting machine. The strand is passed between straightening points with rolls, such as straightening, bending, guide, counter rolls and/or corresponding roll pairs, in accordance with a certain physical law, whereby at least two roll pairs applying bending moments to the strand are provided. The first roll pair is at the same time the roll pair located in the direction of travel of the strand directly downstream of the point of emergence of the strand from the casting machine or is formed by the casting wheel (of the curved mold) itself and a corresponding straightening roll. The second roll pair determines transition of the strand from a finite radius or curvature to a straight line (infinite radius of curvature) at the end of the bending zone. Between these two roll pairs other rolls can be located exclusively along the outside of the strand.

Abstract: A process for melting metal scrap, particularly steel scrap or such high-melting charge material in a shaft furnace operated in cokeless manner by means of fluid fuels is described. The furnace shaft used for carrying out the process is separated from the furnace hearth connected to the bottom thereof by means of a cooled grate arrangement. The burners issue substantially vertically to the longitudinal axis of the shaft into the furnace and the combustion air is recuperatively preheated by means of the shaft furnace waste gases. The amount of heat introduced into the melting unit by means of the burners is subdivided in dosable manner into a component drawn off from the furnace shaft and a component remaining in the furnace hearth. For this purpose the radiating surface of the wall lining in the furnace hearth is between 1.5 and 3.5 m.sup.2, particularly 2 and 2.8 m.sup.2 ton of molten metal produced. The radiation-active, average layer thickness of the gas in the furnace hearth is between 1.5 and 3.

Abstract: A process for producing gas containing CO and H.sub.2 from pulverulent to coarse-grained coal in a coal gasifier in which a fluidized bed is produced, and to which are supplied coal, oxygen and/or one or more oxygen-containing gases. The coal is supplied in counter-current to the gas removed from the fluidized bed. Thus, the coal is dried, degassed and preheated before it enters the fluidized bed. The upper limit of the particle size of the coal is between about 10 mm and 40 mm, and is determined by the volatile matter content of the coal.

Abstract: A process for the production of molten crude iron and reduction gas is described wherein the molten iron and gas are formed in a smelting gasifier, to which is introduced at the upper portion thereof preheated sponge iron of particle size between 3 mm and 30 mm and coal to form a fluidized bed, and an oxygen-containing gas at the lower portion thereof, and controlling the ratio of oxygen-containing gas and coal to maintain a high temperature zone in the lower portion of the gasifier and a lower temperature zone in the upper portion thereof, the oxygen-containing gas being introduced substantially immediately above the resulting melt which is formed at the bottom of the gasifier.