Abstract: A heating device for preheating a container (3), such as a transfer ladle, transferring liquid metal in melting operations, which is lined with refractory material, wherein the container is heated in a heating stand (1) having a container closure lid (2), is characterized by the use of porous burners (7) for heating the container (3) and keeping it warm.

Abstract: A method for the continuous production of steel using metal charge material that is preheated in an upper part of a melting vessel, is then melted in a lower part of the melting vessel with fossil fuels and the molten material is continuously discharged into a treatment vessel in which the desired steel quality is adjusted while gases are introduced into the melting vessel from the exterior to afterburn the melting exhaust gases. The process gases are step-wise afterburned when ascending in the melting vessel by introducing the afterburn gases into the interior of the charge material column by way of an interior shaft that projects into the material column and in whose walls inlet openings for the gases are disposed and form afterburn planes arranged one on top of the other.

Abstract: A method of producing steel (1) with a high manganese and low carbon content on the basis of liquid pig iron (2) or liquid steel (3) and slag-forming constituents (4) with the object of preventing existing drawbacks of process route in vessels other than, e.g., electrical arc furnaces (18). With steel produced with a high manganese and low carbon content, in a process, the carbon component is reduced to about 0.7-0.8% by a combined blowing of oxygen (7) through top lances (8) and underbath nozzles (9) after feeding of liquid ferro-manganese (50 and liquid steel (3a) in a FeMn-refining converter (6a), wherein a component of a cold end product from premelt is added as cooling means (10), and wherein the carbon component is reduced to about 0.05-0.1% C by a continuous blowing of oxygen (7) through the underbath nozzles.

Abstract: A method for the continuous production of steel using metal charge material that is preheated in an upper part of a melting vessel, is then melted in a lower part of the melting vessel with fossil fuels and the molten material is continuously discharged into a treatment vessel in which the desired steel quality is adjusted while gases are introduced into the melting vessel from the exterior to afterburn the melting exhaust gases. The process gases are step-wise afterburned when ascending in the melting vessel by introducing the afterburn gases into the interior of the charge material column by way of an interior shaft that projects into the material column and in whose walls inlet openings for the gases are disposed and form afterburn planes arranged one on top of the other.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and device for the continuous production of steel using metal charge material (8) that is preheated in an upper part of a melting vessel (2), is then melted in a lower part (9) of the melting vessel l(2) with fossil fuels (23) and the molten material (16) is continuously discharged into a treatment vessel (3) in which the desired steel quality is adjusted while gases (22) are introduced into the melting vessel (2) from the exterior to afterburn the melting exhaust gases (13). The aim of the invention is to improve the aforementioned afterburn step while at the same time reducing oxidation of the iron-containing charge materials.

Abstract: A method of producing steel (1) with a high manganese and low carbon content on the basis of liquid pig iron (2) or liquid steel (3) and slag-forming constituents (4) with the object of preventing existing drawbacks of process route in vessels other than, e.g., electrical arc furnaces (18). With steel produced with a high manganese and low carbon content, in a process, the carbon component is reduced to about 0.7-0.8% by a combined blowing of oxygen (7) through top lances (8) and underbath nozzles (9) after feeding of liquid ferro-manganese (50 and liquid steel (3a) in a FeMn-refining converter (6a), wherein a component of a cold end product from premelt is added as cooling means (10), and wherein the carbon component is reduced to about 0.05-0.1% C by a continuous blowing of oxygen (7) through the underbath nozzles.

Abstract: A heating device for preheating a container (3), such as a transfer ladle, transferring liquid metal in melting operations, which is lined with refractory material, wherein the container is heated in a heating stand (1) having a container closure lid (2), is characterized by the use of porous burners (7) for heating the container (3) and keeping it warm.

Abstract: The invention relates to a burner arrangement (1) in particular for heating, drying or keeping warm, in particular a distributor (5) of a continuous casting unit and consisting of a flat arrangement of at least one burner (2). The burner(s) (2) is/are embodied as a porous burner (10).

Abstract: A process for producing steel and for obtaining slag having a high content of additional elements such as vanadium in a two-step process. Liquid pig iron is initially blown onto a high-grade slag at a lower temperature, the slag being further processed separately after tapping, while the pig iron is supplied to at least one additional converter in which it is blown at a higher temperature to form steel. A high-grade slag is generated while shortening the steel production process using the process in that the intermediate metal product that is tapped from the first converter is subjected to a heating and/or holding phase before being supplied to the second converter.

Abstract: The invention relates to a burner arrangement (1) in particular for heating or keeping warm, in particular casting stream protection devices and/or immersion casting devices of a continuous casting plant, comprising a reservoir (5) that can receive, in particular a shroud tube or an immersion tube, said reservoir comprising a base (6) and a cover (7). The wall (8) of the reservoir (5) is formed by at least one porous burner.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for close-to-final-dimension casting of billets made of metal, particularly rectangular billets, wherein molten metal (2) is cast onto a circulating transport belt (3), followed by in-line rolling and cooling of said transport belt (3). The invention also relates to a device for carrying out the inventive method.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and device for the continuous production of steel using metal charge material (8) that is preheated in an upper part of a melting vessel (2), is then melted in a lower part (9) of the melting vessel l(2) with fossil fuels (23) and the molten material (16) is continuously discharged into a treatment vessel (3) in which the desired steel quality is adjusted while gases (22) are introduced into the melting vessel (2) from the exterior to afterburn the melting exhaust gases (13). The aim of the invention is to improve the aforementioned afterburn step while at the same time reducing oxidation of the iron-containing charge materials.

Abstract: An electrode for electric arc furnaces, in which metallurgical processes are performed, has a current-conducting electrode core having a core end pointing in a direction of the furnace bottom in the mounted state of the electrode. An electrode armor made of an electrically conducting material is provided that is process-neutral relative to a molten mass and slag of the metallurgical processes. The electrode armor is arranged on the electrode core and the core end such that at least the electrode portion immersed into the slag or the molten mass is completely enclosed. In this way, contact between the electrode and the slag and molten mass is prevented.

Abstract: A process and device for the production of continuously cast billets in a production plant employs a vertical, round strand-casting machine with horizontal run-out, at least one descaling device, and several following roll stands. For the production of round billets with diameters in the range of 90-300 mm, after the solidifying round billet has left the mold but before it has entered the following rolling unit, its surface is descaled and the area near the surface is cooled in defined manner to a temperature which is optimum for the grade of steel in question before the round billet is worked, first over the course of at least three successive horizontal passes then in a vertical pass, the surface of the preworked billet being descaled again before the last pass.

Abstract: A process and a device for regulating the position of the tip of an electrode immersed in an electric furnace heated by electric arc or resistance heating. To precisely measure the position of the electrode tip and to position it in operation, a series of gas containers are introduced into the electrode in succession at certain intervals, with each gas container being given a serial number (n.sub.i). The position of the electrode tip is determined by computer from the data of the last gas container with the serial number (n.sub.j) and the current number of the melted-open gas container, determined by gas analysis, using the gas that rises in the furnace through the melting process. Control technology is then applied to the drive of the electrode bearing device.