Abstract: In a method for recovering an active metal of a lithium secondary battery, positive electrode active material particles including a lithium-transition metal oxide is prepared. The positive active material particles are treated by reduction. The reduction-treated positive active particles are subjected to ultrasonic dispersion and hydration. The hydrated transition metal slurry is recovered. The recovery rate of lithium and transition metal can be increased by disaggregation through ultrasonic dispersion.

Abstract: A semiconductor device may include a first film and a second film defining parts of a trench, a plug conductive film, a via, and a wiring in the trench. The trench may include a second sub-trench having a second width below a first sub-trench having a first width. The plug conductive film may extend from a first side of the first film to penetrate a bottom face of the trench. An uppermost face of the plug conducive film may be in the trench. The via may include an insulating liner between the plug conductive film and the first film. The uppermost face of the plug conductive film and at least a part of a side wall of the plug conductive film may be in contact with the wiring. An upper face of the insulating liner may be exposed by a bottom face of the second sub-trench.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composition for preventing or treating eye diseases. The composition for preventing or treating eye diseases contains S-allyl-L-cysteine, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate or a hydrate thereof as an active ingredient, and may inhibit photo-oxidation. The composition for preventing or treating eye diseases inhibits the accumulation of A2E in retinal pigment epithelial cells and the oxidation of A2E, thereby remarkably preventing or treating eye diseases including age-related macular degeneration or degenerative retinal disorder.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composition for preventing or treating eye diseases. The composition for preventing or treating eye diseases contains S-allyl-L-cysteine, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate or a hydrate thereof as an active ingredient, and may inhibit photo-oxidation. The composition for preventing or treating eye diseases inhibits the accumulation of A2E in retinal pigment epithelial cells and the oxidation of A2E, thereby remarkably preventing or treating eye diseases including age-related macular degeneration or degenerative retinal disorder.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for preventing or treating colitis. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the composition for preventing or treating colitis comprises S-allyl-L-cysteine, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate or hydrate of the same as an active ingredient, and exhibits an anti-inflammatory action in colitis. The composition for preventing or treating colitis has outstanding effects in preventing and alleviating colitis due to the effect of the anti-inflammatory action and the effect of an antioxidant action of S-allyl-L-cysteine, while at the same time S-allyl-L-cysteine is not accompanied by side-effects, therefore, has a wide scope of use against colitis.

Abstract: A composition including S-allyl-L-cysteine as an active ingredient and having an anti-Helicobacter pylori activity or a gastric mucosa protective effect, a composition for preventing, relieving, or treating gastrointestinal disorders, and a method of using the compositions.

Abstract: A composition including S-allyl-L-cysteine as an active ingredient and having an anti-Helicobacter pylori activity or a gastric mucosa protective effect, a composition for preventing, relieving, or treating gastrointestinal disorders, and a method of using the compositions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for alleviating or treating inflammations and/or pains, the pharmaceutical composition comprising extracts from Broussonetia papyrifera and Lonicera japonica as an effective component. The present invention is based on a finding that when a prenylated flavonoid-enriched extract from Broussonetia papyrifera and an ethanol extract from Lonicera japonica are administered in combination, excellent and synergetic anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects are obtained in in vitro and in vivo tests, compared to when the extracts are separately administered.

Abstract: The present invention applies different common voltages to common electrodes corresponding to both end points of gate lines and data lines. At this time, the highest common voltage is applied to a common electrode point far away from both a data driver and a gate driver, the second highest common voltage is applied to a common electrode point close to the data driver and far away from the gate driver, the third highest common voltage is applied to a common electrode point far away from the data driver and close to the gate driver, and the lowest common voltage is applied to a common electrode close to both of the data driver and the gate driver.