Abstract: Examples of a SPB based multicast forwarding method are disclosed. Bridges in a SPBM network perform a multicast monitoring process, learn about multicast router and members of the IP multicast group, and notify other bridges in the SPBM network of the information through a SPB-ISIS LSP. A SPBM bridge in the SPBM network receives and parses the SPB-ISIS LSP, and configures the ingress and egress of the bridge, so as to guide the forwarding of IP multicast packets.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes rapid convergence of an Access Network (AN). A VLAN forwarder is allocated to a first Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) and traffic for the first VLAN is forwarded to and from the AN via the VLAN forwarder. When detecting that the VLAN forwarder satisfies a VLAN reallocation condition, the VLAN forwarder blocks traffic of the first VLAN to and from the AN via the VLAN forwarder, and calculates a characteristic value of the VLAN forwarder. A packet carrying the characteristic value of the VLAN forwarder is transmitted to each neighbor VLAN forwarder such that VLAN reallocation is performed by a VLAN allocator if the characteristic value of the VLAN forwarder is the same as that of each neighbor VLAN forwarder. After receiving information that the VLAN forwarder is reallocated to a second VLAN, the VLAN forwarder allows the traffic of the second VLAN to and from the AN via the VLAN forwarder.

Abstract: An edge device searches a MAC table to obtain information of a public network egress interface for a packet which is to be sent from a local site to a remote site to access a service, replaces a VLAN ID in the packet with a VLAN ID used for transmission in a public network, and sends the packet in which the VLAN ID has been replaced to a remote site according to the information of the public network egress interface.

Abstract: Methods and network devices are provided for forwarding a message in a layer 2 edge network that includes an access server device connected to sender and gateway devices. Forwarding information including destination IP address, destination MAC address, destination VLAN ID and destination device ID is established. A message is received by the access server device from the sender device. The message includes first destination MAC address, first destination IP address, first destination VLAN ID, and first destination device ID. When the first destination MAC address of a received message is a MAC address of the gateway device, the received message is forwarded according to the first destination MAC address, first destination VLAN ID and first destination device ID. Otherwise the message is modified and forwarded according to second destination MAC address, second destination VLAN ID, and second destination device ID determined to be associated with the first destination IP address.

Abstract: Examples of a SPB based multicast forwarding method are disclosed. Bridges in a SPBM network perform a multicast monitoring process, learn about multicast router and members of the IP multicast group, and notify other bridges in the SPBM network of the information through a SPB-ISIS LSP. A SPBM bridge in the SPBM network receives and parses the SPB-ISIS LSP, and configures the ingress and egress of the bridge, so as to guide the forwarding of IP multicast packets.

Abstract: According to an example, a traffic management method includes that an edge device of a data center site receives first-hop gateway information of at least one remote data center sites from an edge device of the at least one remote data center site, checks whether a local first-hop gateway has failed, and in response to the local first-hop gateway being determined as having failed, transmits a packet originating within the data center site and addressed to the local first hop gateway to an edge device of a remote data center site.

Abstract: A method for constructing a network enabling layer-2 interconnection of data centers includes: a current data center registers at a neighbor server when the current data center gets online, obtains information of all registered data centers, generates a virtual bridge port for each registered data center; after the current data center comes online, the current data center obtains information of all newly registered data centers according to a pre-set rule, generates a virtual bridge port for each newly registered data center; establishes a tunnel to each registered data center by using the virtual bridge port corresponding to the registered data center, and transmit data via the tunnel.

Abstract: According to an example, a method for avoiding a loop in a network, which is performed by each ED in each VPN site, comprises: interacting with other EDs in a same VPN site to elect a DED; assigning an authorized forwarding instance to each ED in the same VPN site when the ED is elected as the DED; obtaining the authorized forwarding instance from the DED when the ED is not elected as the DED; allowing traffic of the authorized forwarding instance transmitted from or to a public network, and blocking traffic of unauthorized forwarding instance transmitted from or to the public network.

Abstract: A method and edge device for learning a Medium Access Control (MAC) address, applied in an edge device in a layer-2 virtual interconnection network of data centers. According to an example, based on an Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) request message from a first node to a second node, a session cache item is created in a control plane of the edge device. The session cache item includes: IP address of the second node, IP address of the first node, and a first relationship between a MAC address of the first node and an output port corresponding to the MAC address of the first node. Based on an ARP response message from the second node to the first node, the session cache item having the IP address of the first node and the IP address of the second node is updated. The updated session cache item further includes: a second relationship between a MAC address of the second node and an output port corresponding to the MAC address of the second node.

Abstract: According to an example, a change of a system ID for a node in a link state protocol network is notified to other nodes in the network. A message may be sent to notify the other nodes of the system ID change.

Abstract: The application of a peptide having sequence of formula I or its derivant in preparing the medicine for preventing or treating liver damage, especially liver damage and hepatitis C is disclosed, Xaa1-Gln-Xaa2-Xaa3-Thr-Ser-Gly-Xaa4 (formula I) wherein, Xaa1 is deletion, Ala, Gly, Val, Leu or Ile, Xaa2 is Thr or Ser, Xaa3 is Tyr, Phe or Trp, and Xaa4 is deletion, Ala, Gly, Val, Leu, Ile or Pro. The composite medicine containing the said peptide, its preparation method, and the polynucleotide for coding the said peptide are also disclosed.

Abstract: The application of a peptide having sequence of formula I or its derivant in preparing the medicine for preventing or treating liver damage, especially liver damage and hepatitis C is disclosed, Xaa1-Gln-Xaa2-Xaa3-Thr-Ser-Gly-Xaa4 (formula I) wherein, Xaa1 is deletion, Ala, Gly, Val, Leu or Ile, Xaa2 is Thr or Ser, Xaa3 is Tyr, Phe or Trp, and Xaa4 is deletion, Ala, Gly, Val, Leu, Ile or Pro. The composite medicine containing the said peptide, its preparation method, and the polynucleotide for coding the said peptide are also disclosed.

Abstract: The application of a peptide having sequence of formula I or its derivant in preparing the medicine for preventing or treating liver damage, especially liver damage and hepatitis C is disclosed, Xaa1-Gln-Xaa2-Xaa3-Thr-Ser-Gly-Xaa4 (formula I) wherein, Xaa1 is deletion, Ala,Gly,Val,Leu or Ile, Xaa2 is Thr or Ser, Xaa3 is Tyr, Phe or Trp, and Xaa4 is deletion, Ala, Gly, Val, Leu,Ile or Pro. The composite medicine containing the said peptide, its preparation method, and the polynucleotide for coding the said peptide are also disclosed.