Abstract: A method for inspecting an article containing a target material is provided. A sampling position of the article is illuminated by a beam of laser light having a wavelength ?. Illumination focus to a focal point at the sampling position of the article to produce molecular excitation of the target material by simultaneous absorption of n incident photons of the beam of laser light, wherein n is equal to or greater than two. An output light exited from the article is analyzed by a detector, wherein the output light is of a wavelength range between 0.8? and 1.2?.

Abstract: A method for inspecting an article containing a target material is provided. A sampling position of the article is illuminated by a beam of laser light having a wavelength ?. Illumination focus to a focal point at the sampling position of the article to produce molecular excitation of the target material by simultaneous absorption of n incident photons of the beam of laser light, wherein n is equal to or greater than two. An output light exited from the article is analyzed by a detector, wherein the output light is of a wavelength range between 0.8? and 1.2?.

Abstract: A display device is disclosed. The display device includes a display and a diffractive optical element (DOE). The display is used to show an image. When a user looks at the image within a first viewing angle range, he can see a first observed image, and when he looks at the image within a second viewing angle range, he can see a second observed image. The diffractive optical element is disposed in the lighting direction of the display to diffract the light constructing the first observed image to the second viewing angle range, thereby converting the first observed image into a third observed image and converting the second observed image into a fourth observed image at the same time.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) is provided and includes an liquid crystal panel, a diffraction plate, a first polarizer, a second polarizer, a first brightness enhancement film (BEF), and a second BEF. The diffraction plate is disposed on a first surface of the liquid crystal panel and has a diffractive direction. The first polarizer is disposed between the diffraction plate and the liquid crystal panel and has a first absorption axis. The second polarizer is disposed on a second surface of the liquid crystal panel opposite to the first surface and has a second absorption axis perpendicular to the first absorption axis. The first BEF has a first light-collecting direction. The second BEF has a second light-collecting direction perpendicular to the first light-collecting direction. The first light-collecting direction is parallel or perpendicular to the diffractive direction or the first absorption axis.

Abstract: A display apparatus and a polarizer for multi-domain vertical aligned liquid crystal display apparatus are provided. The display apparatus includes a liquid crystal display device, a first polarizer, a second polarizer and a diffractive optical element. The first polarizer is disposed on the first substrate. The second polarizer is disposed between the second substrate and the backlight module. The diffractive optical element includes a first diffraction grating and is disposed on a light emitting side of the first polarizer. An azimuth angle the first diffraction grating is counted from an absorbing axis of the first polarizer as standard.

Abstract: A display apparatus is provided. The display apparatus comprises a display device for displaying an image and a diffractive optical element. The diffractive optical element is disposed on a light emitting side of the display device. The diffractive optical element comprises first grating regions. Each of the first grating regions has first diffraction gratings having a constant cycle space and the same azimuth angle. An area of the first grating regions occupies 17.5%˜94% of an area of the diffractive optical element.

Abstract: A display apparatus is provided. The display apparatus comprises a liquid crystal display device, a first polarizer and a diffractive optical element. The first polarizer is disposed on a light emitting side of the liquid crystal display device. An azimuth angle of a polarizing direction of the first polarizer is 90 degrees. The diffractive optical element is disposed on the light emitting side of the liquid crystal display device and comprises at least a first diffraction grating. An azimuth angle of a grating direction of the first diffraction grating is 10±30 degrees or 85±25 degrees.

Abstract: A display apparatus and a liquid crystal display device are provided. The display apparatus comprises a display device for displaying an image and a diffractive optical element. The diffractive optical element comprises pixel unit regions. Each of the pixel unit regions has a long pixel side and a short pixel side adjacent to each other. The diffractive optical element is disposed on a light emitting side of the display device and comprises first grating regions and second grating regions. The first grating regions have a first diffraction grating. The second grating regions have a second diffraction grating. An azimuth angle of the first diffraction grating is different from an azimuth angle of the second diffraction grating.

Abstract: A liquid crystal panel module, a backlight module and a liquid crystal display (LCD) are provided. The liquid crystal panel module includes a liquid crystal panel and a diffraction grating layer. The liquid crystal panel has a plurality of pixels. The diffraction grating layer is disposed on the liquid crystal panel, and a maximum period of a grating of the diffraction grating layer is smaller than 1/10 of a size of the pixels. The backlight module includes a light guide plate, a light emitting element and a diffraction grating film. A light provided by the light emitting element emits from a light emitting surface of the light guide plate and is bended towards the light emitting element after passing through the diffraction grating film. The liquid crystal panel module and the backlight module can be applied to the LCD together or individually.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display including a display panel, an optical film and a backlight module is disclosed. The optical film is disposed on the display panel and has a plurality of micro structures facing the display panel arranged on the optical film. The period of the arranged micro structures is between 90 ?m˜3 ?m. The backlight module and the optical film are disposed on opposite sides of the display panel respectively. The backlight module is used for emitting a light, which penetrates the display panel and reaches the optical film. The light is deflected by the micro structures of the optical film and then is emitted to the outside at an angle of 20˜70 degrees relative to a normal line of the light outputting plane of the optical film.

Abstract: A display apparatus and a polarizer for multi-domain vertical aligned liquid crystal display apparatus are provided. The display apparatus includes a liquid crystal display device, a first polarizer, a second polarizer and a diffractive optical element. The first polarizer is disposed on the first substrate. The second polarizer is disposed between the second substrate and the backlight module. The diffractive optical element includes a first diffraction grating and is disposed on a light emitting side of the first polarizer. An azimuth angle the first diffraction grating is counted from an absorbing axis of the first polarizer as standard.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) is provided and includes an liquid crystal panel, a diffraction plate, a first polarizer, a second polarizer, a first brightness enhancement film (BEF), and a second BEF. The diffraction plate is disposed on a first surface of the liquid crystal panel and has a diffractive direction. The first polarizer is disposed between the diffraction plate and the liquid crystal panel and has a first absorption axis. The second polarizer is disposed on a second surface of the liquid crystal panel opposite to the first surface and has a second absorption axis perpendicular to the first absorption axis. The first BEF has a first light-collecting direction. The second BEF has a second light-collecting direction perpendicular to the first light-collecting direction. The first light-collecting direction is parallel or perpendicular to the diffractive direction or the first absorption axis.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display including a display panel, an optical film and a backlight module is disclosed. The optical film is disposed on the display panel and has a plurality of micro structures facing the display panel arranged on the optical film. The period of the arranged micro structures is between 90 ?m˜3 ?m. The backlight module and the optical film are disposed on opposite sides of the display panel respectively. The backlight module is used for emitting a light, which penetrates the display panel and reaches the optical film. The light is deflected by the micro structures of the optical film and then is emitted to the outside at an angle of 20˜70 degrees relative to a normal line of the light outputting plane of the optical film.

Abstract: A display apparatus and a liquid crystal display device are provided. The display apparatus comprises a display device for displaying an image and a diffractive optical element. The diffractive optical element comprises pixel unit regions. Each of the pixel unit regions has a long pixel side and a short pixel side adjacent to each other. The diffractive optical element is disposed on a light emitting side of the display device and comprises first grating regions and second grating regions. The first grating regions have a first diffraction grating. The second grating regions have a second diffraction grating. An azimuth angle of the first diffraction grating is different from an azimuth angle of the second diffraction grating.

Abstract: A display apparatus is provided. The display apparatus comprises a display device for displaying an image and a diffractive optical element. The diffractive optical element is disposed on a light emitting side of the display device. The diffractive optical element comprises first grating regions. Each of the first grating regions has first diffraction gratings having a constant cycle space and the same azimuth angle. An area of the first grating regions occupies 17.5%˜94% of an area of the diffractive optical element.

Abstract: A display includes pixel circuits, each pixel circuit including a first electrode, a second electrode, a third electrode, and a liquid crystal layer doped with a chiral material. The first electric is electrically coupled to a first reference voltage. The second electrode receives a pixel voltage corresponding to a gray scale level, the second electrode including a conducting layer having openings. The third electrode is electrically coupled to a second reference voltage. The second electrode is between the first and third electrodes, and the liquid crystal layer is between the first and second electrodes.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a first alignment film having a first alignment direction, a second alignment film having a second alignment direction, and a liquid crystal layer having liquid crystal molecules between the first and second alignment films. The liquid crystal layer is doped with a chiral material that tends to induce a first twist in directors of the liquid crystal molecules when an electric field is applied to the liquid crystal layer. The first and second alignment films have orientations that tends to induce a second twist in the directors when an electric field is applied to the liquid crystal layer, in which the direction of the first twist is different from the direction of the second twist.

Abstract: Method, system and device for a transflective liquid crystal display with both transmissive and reflective functions is realized by using a transflective component into a transmissive LCD. The transflective component can be a transparent substrate with patterned reflectors on one surface and repetitive patterned lenses or prisms formed on the opposite surface facing the backlight unit. The transparent areas substantially allow the optical beams to pass through. The light from the backlight is refracted or focused by the optical structures onto the transparent areas or apertures of other surface, thus a substantial amount of backlight transmits to the LC for light modulation for different gray levels. For the incident ambient light incident on the transflective component, the majority is reflected back to the viewer by the reflectors on the transflective component, and the remainder transmits the transflective component to the backlight unit and be recycled to be used again.

Abstract: A display includes a plurality of pixel circuits, each pixel circuit including a first electrode, a second electrode, a reflective region, and a transmissive region. The reflective region reflects ambient light and includes a first portion of a liquid crystal layer and a polarization dependent reflector. The transmissive region transmits backlight and includes a second portion of the liquid crystal layer. A dielectric layer is between the first and second electrodes in one of the reflective region and the transmissive region, the dielectric layer configured such that when a pixel voltage is applied to the first and second electrodes, the percentage of the pixel voltage applied across the first portion of the liquid crystal layer is different from the percentage of the pixel voltage applied across the second portion of the liquid crystal layer. The display includes a backlight module to generate the backlight.

Abstract: A display apparatus and a liquid crystal display device are provided. The display apparatus comprises a display device for displaying an image and a diffractive optical element. The diffractive optical element comprises pixel unit regions. Each of the pixel unit regions has a long pixel side and a short pixel side adjacent to each other. The diffractive optical element is disposed on a light emitting side of the display device and comprises first grating regions and second grating regions. The first grating regions have a first diffraction grating. The second grating regions have a second diffraction grating. An azimuth angle of the first diffraction grating is different from an azimuth angle of the second diffraction grating.