Abstract: An electrode substrate of a flat panel display comprises a substrate, an electrode layer, a conductive layer, and a barrier layer. In this case, the electrode layer is disposed above the substrate. The conductive layer is disposed above the electrode layer. The material of the conductive layer comprises Silver (>99.5%), Silver alloy, Aluminum (>99.5%), Aluminum alloy, Copper (>99.5%) or Copper alloy. The barrier layer is disposed above the conductive layer. The material of the barrier layer comprises Titanium, Titanium alloy, Molybdenum, Chromium, Silicon, Silicon Oxide, or Titanium Oxide.

Abstract: A method of preparing a hearth roll with a coating, including: plating a metal on a ceramic powder by using electroless plating; mixing the metal-plated ceramic powder and a metal powder to form a cement powder; and thermally spraying the cement powder onto a hearth roll. Another method is: plating a metal on a ceramic powder by using electroless plating; mixing the metal-plated ceramic powder, a metal powder, and a binder to form a slurry, and subjecting the slurry to granulating and sintering to obtain a sintered powder; and thermally spraying the sintered powder onto a hearth roll.

Abstract: An electric arc ion plating apparatus to coat a metal material on an object includes: (a) an vacuum chamber; (b) an electric arc bombardment chamber in the vacuum chamber, comprising an anode, a cathode target, and an arc triggering electrode to generate metal particles when a voltage is applied on the anode and the cathode, and on the arc triggering electrode; and (c) a magnetic coil having a longitudinal axis. The magnetic coil emanates from the electric arc bombardment chamber and encloses at least a part of the electric bombardment chamber. The magnetic coil contains a constant-diameter section enclosing and immediately emanating from the electric arc bombardment chamber to guide the metal particles away from the cathode and toward the object, and a varying-diameter section away from the electric arc bombardment chamber to provide optimum distribution of the metal particles before they reach the object surface.