Abstract: A high pressure fuel injector has a swirl generator with a metering disk upstream of the valve seat. The disks function to redirect the axially flowing fuel through the injector into a tangential fuel flow. As the fuel moves past the needle valve and the valve seat, the narrow cross section imparts a higher velocity to the fuel to atomize the fuel. As the fuel leaves the swirl generator and is ejected from the injector, the fuel forms a hollow conical sheet containing atomized fuel.

Abstract: The injector nozzle includes a cylindrical needle which is axially reciprocated by an armature assembly. The needle has a needle tip terminating in a flat end surface with a spherical transition surface between the flat end surface and the side walls of the needle. Depending upon the diameter of the needle and the included angle of the valve seat, the diameter of the flat end surface may be less than the diameter of the orifice through the valve seat. The circular edge defined between the flat end surface and the spherical transition surface defines a location where the liquid fuel and air consistently separate from the needle in the valve-open condition whereby variations in the spray cone angle and the flow rate are minimized during steady-state and transient operating conditions.

Abstract: A fuel injector has a swirl plate about a valve assembly, including a valve seat with an orifice and a valve pin. When the valve is opened, the fuel is swirled by the swirl plate for passage through the orifice. The orifice has a portion which is angled relative to the axis of the injector to provide a conical swirling spray pattern having a conical spray axis angularly related to the axis of the injector. In another form, the orifice is on-axis with the injector and receives a bent tube having an upstream on-axis portion and a downstream angled portion to direct the swirling conical spray at an included obtuse angle relative to the axis of the injector.

Abstract: A high pressure fuel injector has a swirl generator with a metering disk upstream of the valve seat. The disks function to redirect the axially flowing fuel through the injector into a tangential fuel flow. As the fuel moves past the needle valve and the valve seat, the narrow cross section imparts a higher velocity to the fuel to atomize the fuel. As the fuel leaves the swirl generator and is ejected from the injector, the fuel forms a hollow conical sheet containing atomized fuel.