Abstract: This disclosure relates to an X-ray reflectometry apparatus and a method for measuring a three-dimensional nanostructure on a flat substrate. The X-ray reflectometry apparatus comprises an X-ray source, an X-ray reflector, a 2-dimensional X-ray detector, and a two-axis moving device. The X-ray source is for emitting X-ray. The X-ray reflector is configured for reflecting the X-ray onto a sample surface. The 2-dimensional X-ray detector is configured to collect a reflecting X-ray signal from the sample surface. The two-axis moving device is configured to control two-axis directions of the 2-dimensional X-ray detector to move on at least one of x-axis and z-axis with a formula concerning an incident angle of the X-ray with respect to the sample surface for collecting the reflecting X-ray signal.

Abstract: A memory array and an operation method of the memory array are provided. The memory array includes first and second ferroelectric memory devices formed along a gate electrode, a channel layer and a ferroelectric layer between the gate electrode and the channel layer. The ferroelectric memory devices include: a common source/drain electrode and two respective source/drain electrodes, separately in contact with a side of the channel layer opposite to the ferroelectric layer, wherein the common source/drain electrode is disposed between the respective source/drain electrodes; and first and second auxiliary gates, capacitively coupled to the channel layer, wherein the first auxiliary gate is located between the common source/drain electrode and one of the respective source/drain electrodes, and the second auxiliary gate is located between the common source/drain electrode and the other respective source/drain electrode.

Abstract: A mechanical power conversion device includes a housing filled with a fluid, at least one control assembly arranged in the housing, and at least one stationary sleeve. The control assembly includes an input shaft and an intermediate output shaft, and defines a fluid inlet port and a fluid outlet port. The stationary sleeve is arranged in the housing. The input shaft is installed with an impeller device in the stationary sleeve. A movable sleeve is fitted around the stationary sleeve such that the distance between the movable sleeve and the control assembly can be adjusted. The impeller device can be rotated by the input shaft to force the fluid to enter the control assembly via the fluid inlet port and exit the control assembly via the fluid outlet port to control mechanical power or torque being transferred from the input shaft to the intermediate ouput shaft.

Abstract: A mechanical power conversion device includes a housing filled with a fluid, at least one control assembly arranged in the housing, and at least one stationary sleeve. The control assembly includes an input shaft and an intermediate output shaft, and defines a fluid inlet port and a fluid outlet port. The stationary sleeve is arranged in the housing. The input shaft is installed with an impeller device in the stationary sleeve. A movable sleeve is fitted around the stationary sleeve such that the distance between the movable sleeve and the control assembly can be adjusted. The impeller device can be rotated by the input shaft to force the fluid to enter the control assembly via the fluid inlet port and exit the control assembly via the fluid outlet port to control mechanical power or torque being transferred from the input shaft to the intermediate ouput shaft.

Abstract: A ring disk reciprocating power conversion device includes a planetary gear set and at least one eccentric control panel set. The eccentric control panel set includes a rotary disk pivoted on the opposite end of the planetary gear set, which can be guided by the rotation of the plurality of planet wheels of the planetary gear set, forcing the rotary disk to do a reciprocating movement in limited amplitude. The periphery of the rotary disk forms annular chambers. The annular chambers accommodate a pressure forming medium. More than one variable volume chambers are formed in the annular chambers, and the periphery of the rotary disk is provided with a plurality of spacers which has equal quantities as that of the variable volume chambers. The spacers can press or draw the medium and further regulate and stop the rotation of the planet wheel.

Abstract: A ring disk reciprocating power conversion device includes a planetary gear set and at least one off-center control panel set. The off-center control panel set includes a rotary disk pivoted on the opposite end of the planetary gear set, which can be guided by the self rotation of the plurality of planet wheels of the planetary, forcing the rotary disk to do a reciprocating movement in limited amplitude. The periphery of the rotary disk forms annular chambers at intervals. The annular chambers accommodate a medium pressure forming medium. More than one variable volume chambers are formed at intervals in the annular chambers, and the periphery of the rotary disk is provided with equal amount of spacers as the variable volume chambers. The spacers can compress or draw the medium and further regulate and stop the self rotation of the planet wheel.

Abstract: A bicycle derailleur gearshift position indicator includes a housing holding a gearshift position indication member, the gearshift position indication member having indication plates corresponding to the gearshift positions of the derailleur system of the bicycle and a view window through which the bicycle rider views the indication of the gearshift position indication member, and a cable take-up wheel suspended below the housing and rotated with the shifters of the derailleur system to move the indication plates of the gearshift position indication member.

Abstract: A linearly-displacing dual dial rods speed changing controller comprises a base, a wire hub seat, an advancing member, and a withdrawing member. The wire hub seat is fastened with a guide wire of a speed changer. The wire hub seat is controlled by dial rods of the advancing member and the withdrawing member to displace linearly in a reciprocating manner on the guide rail of the base, thereby actuating the guide wire to bring about a pulling action to attain the speed change.

Abstract: A linearly-displacing dual dial rods speed changing controller comprises a base, a wire hub seat, an advancing member, and a withdrawing member. The wire hub seat is fastened with a guide wire of a speed changer. The wire hub seat is controlled by dial rods of the advancing member and the withdrawing member to displace linearly in a reciprocating manner on the guide rail of the base, thereby actuating the guide wire to bring about a pulling action to attain the speed change.

Abstract: A bicycle derailleur gearshift position indicator includes a housing holding a gearshift position indication member, the gearshift position indication member having indication plates corresponding to the gearshift positions of the derailleur system of the bicycle and a view window through which the bicycle rider views the indication of the gearshift position indication member, and a cable take-up wheel suspended below the housing and rotated with the shifters of the derailleur system to move the indication plates of the gearshift position indication member.

Abstract: A dual dial rod speed changing indicator comprises a base board, a wire hub seat, an advancing member, and a withdrawing member. The wire hub seat is acted on by a bias force and pivoted to the base board. The wire hub seat has a first ratchet tooth portion and a second ratchet tooth portion. The advancing member comprises an advancing dial rod and an advancing ratchet pawl pivoted to the dial rod. The advancing dial rod is pivoted to the base board such that the advancing dial rod meshes with the first tooth portion at the time when the advancing dial rod is exerted on by an external force, thereby actuating the wire hub seat to turn and advance. The withdrawing member comprises a locating ratchet pawl and a withdrawing dial rod, which are pivoted with the base board. The withdrawing dial rod has a locating tooth which meshes with the second tooth portion to locate the wire hub seat at the time when the withdrawing dial rod turns on the base board.