Abstract: This invention relates to a device and a process for introducing gases into a hot medium, whereby device (1) contains a pipe (2) for introducing gas and a cooling jacket (3) that encases pipe (2).

Abstract: The invention relates to a structural component for a device for the treatment of melts, especially of glass melts;

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of a glass melt.

Abstract: Hard glass fire retardant glasses can be tempered in a conventional air tempering plant having heat transmission values of approximately 200-500 W/(m.sup.2 .times.K) yielding in the tempered state a fire resistance period of at least 30 minutes according to DIN 4102 and the safety properties according to DIN 1249 (safe break). In order to achieve the combination of fire resistance period and safety properties, the glasses must have a coefficient of thermal expansion .alpha..sub.20/300 of between 3 and 6.times.10.sup.-6 K.sup.-1, a specific thermal stress .phi. of between 0.3 and 0.5 N/(mm.sup.2 .times.K), a glass transition temperature Tg of between 535.degree. and 850.degree. C., a product of specific thermal stress .phi. multiplied by (Tg -20.degree. C.) of between 180 and 360 N/mm.sup.2, an upper annealing temperature (temperature at a viscosity of 10.sup.13 dpas) of over 560.degree. C., a softening temperature (temperature at a viscosity of 107.sup.7.6 dpas) of over 830.degree. C.

Abstract: Hard glass fire retardant glasses can be tempered in a conventional air tempering plant having heat transmission values of approximately 200-500 W/(m.sup.2 .times.K) yielding in the tempered state a fire resistance period of at least 30 minutes according to DIN 4102 and the safety properties according to DIN 1249 (safe break). In order to achieve the combination of fire resistance period and safety properties, the glasses must have a coefficient of thermal expansion .alpha..sub.20/300 of between 3 and 6.times.10.sup.-6 K.sup.-1, a specific thermal stress .psi. of between 0.3 and 0.5N/(mm.sup.2 .times.K) , a glass transitione temperature Tg of between 535.degree. and 850.degree. C., a product of specific thermal stress .psi. multiplied by (Tg -20.degree. C.) of between 180 and 360N/mm.sup.2, an upper annealing temperature (temperature at a viscosity of 10.sup.13 dPas) of over 560.degree. C., a softening temperature (temperature at a viscosity of 10.sup.7.6 dPas) of over 830.degree. C.

Abstract: An article of manufacture comprising a glass substrate having a thermal expansion of less than 5.0.multidot.10.sup.-6 /K and, coated thereon, a lead- and cadmium-free glaze comprising, in percent by weight, the following components:______________________________________ Li.sub.2 O 0-12 MgO 0-10 CaO 3-18 B.sub.2 O.sub.3 5-25 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 3-18 Na.sub.2 O 3-18 K.sub.2 O 3-18 BaO 0-12 SiO.sub.2 25-55 TiO.sub.2 0-5 ZrO.sub.2 0-<3 ______________________________________with up to 30% by weight of a pigment stable at the baking temperature.

Abstract: For ion exchange at the surface of glass or glass ceramic, the ion exchange is carried out by means of a solid layer containing mainly one or more salts which do not melt at the exchange temperature and contain mono- or divalent cations. The layer can be applied to the glass as a dispersion in water or as an organic dispersion medium. Preferably, its thickness is 0.02 to 2 mm and the salts have a particle size of less than 60 .mu.m. Despite the solid reaction, the ion exchange proceeds at a surprisingly rapid rate and leads to products having highly reproducible properties. Corrosive attack of the glass surface does not take place.

Abstract: For the immobilization of micro-organisms and animal cells, in particular for anaerobic processes, such as the purification of waste water or for the biotechnological production of nutrition-essential or pharmacological substances, porous, sintered bodies are employed (inorganic carrier bodies). In particular, sintered glass in the form of Raschig rings with a double-pore structure, are employed. They have porosity-determining through-going macropores that permit a free exchange of fluid and gas from the interior of the carrier to the surroundings, and open micropores within the macropore walls, the diameter of the micropores being of the same order of magnitude as the size of the micro-organisms or cells. These carrier bodies typically have an open pore volume of 35% to 85%, 20% to 80% being accounted for by the macropores having a diameter of 20 to 500 .mu.m, and 5%-50% by micropores having a diameter of 1-10 .mu.m.

Abstract: In a process for manufacturing fiber reinforced composites made or inorganic sinterable material and inorganic fibers the fibers are continuously passed through a bath which works acccording to the fluidized bed principle and which contains a solution of at least one metal alkoxide of the elements of the first to the fourth main groups of the periodic table and the forth and fifth subgroups of the periodic table, which solution already comprises products of hydrolysis and their condensation products, and the fibers moistened with the solution are wound one upon the other to form layers, the moistened and wound fibers are dried, the metal alkoxides on the fibers are completely hydrolyzed and the products of hydrolysis are polycondensated, and the layers of the fibers being adhered by the powder and the polycondensation products of the products of hydrolysis of the metal alkoxides are hot pressed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a glass which is transparent to UV radiation and which, for a thickness of 1 mm and the wavelength of 253.7 nm has a transmission of at least 75%, a linear coefficient of thermal expansion of 3.8.times.10.sup.-6 to 4.5.times.10.sup.-6 K.sup.-1 in the temperature range from 20.degree. to 300.degree. C. and a hydrolytic resistance of <120 .mu.g of Na.sub.2 O/g according to DIN 12 111. The new glass has the synthesis composition, calculated on an oxide basis, of______________________________________ SiO.sub.2 64 to 66.5 percent by weight B.sub.2 O.sub.3 20 to 22.5 percent by weight Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 4 to 6 percent by weight Li.sub.2 O 0.4 to 1 percent by weight Na.sub.2 O 1.0 to 3.5 percent by weight K.sub.2 O 1.0 to 2.5 percent by weight CaO 0.35 to 0.8 percent by weight BaO 0.5 to 2.0 percent by weight F.sup.- 0.5 to 2.0 percent by weight .SIGMA. Li.sub.2 O + Na.sub.2 O + K.sub.2 O 3.8 to 5.5 percent by weight .SIGMA. CaO + BaO 1.0 to 2.5 percent by weight one or more 0.2 to 2.

Abstract: Microorganisms or animal cells are cultured in a fluidized or fixed bed bioreactor on porous inorganic sintered support spheres containing inwardly continuous and outwardly open pores. The spheres have a density and diameter such that shear forces created under fluidized bed conditions shear off microorganisms or animal cells grown out of the pores and on the surface of the spheres. Culturing may be carried out in a fixed bed continuous reactor and the bed subjected to intermittent fluidized bed conditions to shear microorganisms or animal cells off the sphere surfaces. The spheres may be coated with a thin plastic layer to increase resistance to abrasion. Also, the spheres may be provided with a surface layer of inorganic and/or organic material for improving immobilization of microorganisms or animal cells.

Abstract: Filter bodies are made by mixing borosilicate glass powder, potassium sulphate and 30% aqueous polyethylene glycol solution per kilogram of mixture. The mixture is filtered and dried and glass particles of a different size are mixed into the dried granulate. The resulting mixture is compressed at a pressure of 1000 bar to form blanks and sintered at about 860.degree. C. After cooling, the potassium sulphate is washed out of the blanks.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing open porous sintered bodies with large open pore volume and defined pore diameters and which at least predominantly consist of glass-ceramics. They are obtained by sintering a mixture of sinterable powder and an inorganic soluble salt with defined grade of grain, the melting point of which is above the densification temperature of the sinterable powder. For the formation of a molded body the mixture of sinterable powder and inorganic salt is submitted to a molding process. The molded body is sintered in a sintering process and the soluble salt being contained in the molded body is lixiviated. As a main constituent the sinterable powder contains a pulverized crystallizable glass powder.

Abstract: The invention relates to a borosilicate glass for the manufacturing of laboratory glass, domestic glass, pharmaceutical container glass, lamp glass and X-ray tube glass. The glass has the following composition:SiO.sub.2 : 74.5 to 76.5% by weightB.sub.2 O.sub.3 : 10.0 to 12.0% by weightAl.sub.2 O.sub.3 : 3.5 to 6.0% by weightNa.sub.2 O: 6.0 to 8.0% by weightCaO: 1.0 to 2.0% by weightZrO.sub.2 : 0 to 0.50% by weightF: 0 to 1.0% by weightAs.sub.2 O.sub.3 and/or Sb.sub.2 O.sub.3 and/or NaCl are used as refining agent.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of porous sintered bodies with large open pore volume and defined pore diameter. A sinterable material in the form of finely ground powder is mixed with a leachable substance. The leachable substance is in the form of powder of a defined particle size. The mixture of sinterable material and leachable substance is heated to the sintering temperature and maintained there until the sinterable mass is sintered. The mass is then cooled and the leachable substance leached from the sintered mass.

Abstract: A process for the thermal tempering of glass wherein the hot glass is immersed in a vessel in which there are two mutually immiscible liquids. The liquid of lower density is above the liquid of higher density. The glass is precooled for a specific time in the liquid of lower density and then is brought into the liquid of higher density.

Abstract: Partially crystallizing glass solders, and stripping films using them as agents to be transferred, which are sintered at temperatures below 900.degree. C. from glass powder with granulation of less than <150 .mu.m, thereafter exhibiting thermal expansion coefficients of -23.5 to 34.3.sup..multidot. 10.sup.-7.multidot. K.sup.-1, whose crystallization temperature lies below 710.degree. C. and whose crystal phase consists predominantly of h-quartz mixed crystal phase exhibiting the following composition (in weight %): 23-44 SiO.sub.2, 20-37 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, 5.5-11 Li.sub.2 O; 3-20 B.sub.2 O.sub.3 ; 0-36 PbO; 0-1 Na.sub.2 O; 0-1.5 K.sub.2 O; 0-0.1 F; 0-4 TiO.sub.2 ; 0-3.5 MgO; 0-2 CoO, provided B.sub.2 O.sub.3 +PbO+Na.sub.2 O+K.sub.2 O+F+TiO.sub.2 is 8.5-50.0.

Abstract: A novel low density molded porous sintered body contains at least 90% open pores having a specific diameter distributed equally in all directions. The material of the molded body is preferably a vitreous and/or crystalline and/or ceramic substance having a low thermal coefficient of expansion.

Abstract: Fireproof building element with a multi-sheet glazing unit of glass or glass ceramic characterized in that at least one of the glass sheets is a fire resistant glass sheet. The building element contains one or more high heat reflective foils arranged between the sheets at a distance from the fire resistant glazing unit. The foils can be put in a rolled or folded form between the two sheets of the building element such that the visible area is not covered, and they can, in the event of a fire, be spread out completely between the sheets.

Abstract: Fireproof glass, in a form suitable for use as windowpanes, which will withstand heating in accordance with DIN (German Industrial Norm) 4102 (1970 edition), standard temperature curve I, and having a compressive prestress in the peripheral portion thereof. The glass, is such that the product of the thermal expansion coefficient, .alpha., and the modulus of elasticity, E, is 1 to 5 kp.times.cm.sup.-2 .times..degree.C..sup.-1, and which tend to surface crystallization.