Abstract: A process for cleaning metal surfaces is provided using a neutral industrial cleaner, which comprises a combination of non-ionic surfactants and/or glycol ethers, and polyethylene imine. The cleaner has a demulsifying effect on fats and/or oils on metal surfaces and in the cleaning solution allowing separation and reuse of the cleaner. The cleaner is low-foaming and can advantageously be used in spray application.

Abstract: Multilayered shaped bodies with locally demarcated reinforcing elements are described. The multilayered shaped body here is constructed of two outer metallic layers and at least one intermediate layer, this intermediate layer comprising an organic binder and reinforcing elements embedded in anisotropic distribution arranged therein. These anisotropic reinforcing elements are arranged at the points of the intermediate layer of the component which are particularly exposed to high structural stresses or actions of force, or at which a high acoustic radiation occurs. These multilayered shaped bodies allow provision of laminated bodies which have a low specific gravity and a high structural strength, and are preferably employed in machine construction, vehicle construction or apparatus construction.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of controlling a treatment line. According to said method a) a correlation between one or several variable parameters of the chemical and/or physical processes of the treatment line and one or several characteristic values that are characteristic of the success of the treatment is established; rules are derived of this correlation that describe the dependence of the characteristic value or the characteristic values of the variable, parameters; the correlation and/or the rules derived therefrom are stored in a control system for the treatment line; b) the one or the several characteristic value(s) is/are measured continuously or discontinuously; c) if said characteristic values deviate from a predetermined standard range of values, the/those variable parameter(s) that is/are most closely correlated with said characteristic value is/are modified in the direction which counteracts the deviation of the characteristic value or the characteristic values from the standard range.

Abstract: A method of automatically determining the content of inorganic carbon and/or total organic carbon in an aqueous purifying solution wherein, in program-controlled manner, (a) a sample of a predetermined volume is taken from the aqueous purifying solution; (b) if desired, the sample is freed of solids and/or homogenized; (c) if desired, the sample is diluted with water in a ratio which has been preset or is determined as a result of a preliminary analysis; (d) the inorganic carbon and/or total organic carbon is analysed using known methods; and (e) the result of the analysis is transmitted to a remote location and output and/or stored on a data carrier and/or used as the basis of further calculations. Program-controlled or automatic, externally-initiated checking of the measuring device is provided. Bath treatment measures may be implemented in program-controlled manner or in response to external triggering.

Abstract: A method for the automatic monitoring and control of the content of surfactants of an aqueous process solution, wherein, under program control: a sample having a predetermined volume is taken from the aqueous process solution; the content of surfactants in the sample is determined utilizing measuring equipment capable of analyzing the sample; the results of the analysis are output by the system; the functional capacity of the measuring equipment is checked by determining the surfactant content of one or more standard solutions if the results of the analysis of the content of surfactants on two consecutive drawn samples differs by a preselected value; and corrective action is automatically taken if the check of the measuring equipment reveals any problems. Bath maintenance measures may be initiated automatically or by request from a remote location according to pre-determined criteria. The method reduces the number of staff for bath monitoring and bath maintenance and increases process safety.