Abstract: A method of producing a battery with a prismatic battery housing includes assembling a battery housing from two prefabricated housing parts, of which the first housing part includes at least a partial region of the element including the at least one through hole as well as at least a partial region of a second element, bordering on the element including the at least one through hole, and the second housing part includes all elements and/or partial regions of elements not part of the first housing part.

Abstract: An energy storage cell includes a cylindrical housing that encloses an interior space and a housing casing, a wound composite body arranged in the interior space and having a helical structure including at least two electrode strips and at least one separator strip arranged between the electrode strips, each including a strip-shaped current collector having an active material coating, the wound composite body includes two terminal end faces, a circumferential outer composite body lateral surface and a circumferential inner composite body lateral surface, the inner composite body lateral surface defines an axially oriented cavity, a winding core having a substantially cylindrical or hollow cylindrical shape and has an outer circumferential surface that rests flat on the inner composite body lateral surface, and the winding core has a local deviation from the cylindrical or hollow cylindrical shape in at least one region of the outer circumferential surface.

Abstract: A method of determining a state or a state change of an electrochemical energy storage device that includes a housing composed of a multilayer composite film, wherein the housing includes a first housing part and a second housing part composed of the multilayer composite film, which parts are joined to one another, and together enclose a hollow space in which the composite is arranged, and the composite film includes a ply composed of a metal layer and also two plies composed of polymer, with the metal layer being arranged between the two polymer plies, wherein to determine the state or the state change, an electric potential is applied to the metal layers of the first housing part and the second housing part so that an electric field arises between the metal layers and an electrical parameter influenced by a change of a spacing between the metal layers is determined.

Abstract: A battery of modular construction that stores electrical energy includes a battery housing, a module assembly including at least two battery modules, each with at least one positive and at least one negative electrode, and a pressing means. A method of safety operation of the battery includes equipping the battery with at least one safety means that triggers a reduction in the mechanical pressure exerted onto the battery modules when there is a defect in at least one of the battery modules.

Abstract: A method of determining a state or a state change of an electrochemical energy storage device that includes a housing composed of a multilayer composite film, wherein the housing includes a first housing part and a second housing part composed of the multilayer composite film, which parts are joined to one another, and together enclose a hollow space in which the composite is arranged, and the composite film includes a ply composed of a metal layer and also two plies composed of polymer, with the metal layer being arranged between the two polymer plies, wherein to determine the state or the state change, an electric potential is applied to the metal layers of the first housing part and the second housing part so that an electric field arises between the metal layers and an electrical parameter influenced by a change of a spacing between the metal layers is determined.

Abstract: A battery includes a housing, at least one individual cell arranged in the housing and including at least one positive electrode and at least one negative electrode, a positive pole stud passed through the housing and electrically connected to the at least one positive electrode and/or a negative pole stud passed through the housing and electrically connected to the at least one negative electrode, at least one electrical switch which can be pneumatically operated and changes its switching state in the event of an increase in pressure within the housing beyond a threshold value and thereby interrupts the electrical connection between at least one of the pole studs and an associated at least one electrode, and a resetting device with which an electrical connection which is interrupted as a result of a change in the switching state can be re-established without the housing having to be opened.

Abstract: A battery of modular construction that stores electrical energy includes a battery housing, a module assembly including at least two battery modules, each with at least one positive and at least one negative electrode, and a pressing means. A method of safety operation of the battery includes equipping the battery with at least one safety means that triggers a reduction in the mechanical pressure exerted onto the battery modules when there is a defect in at least one of the battery modules.

Abstract: A method of producing a battery with a prismatic battery housing includes assembling a battery housing from two prefabricated housing parts, of which the first housing part includes at least a partial region of the element including the at least one through hole as well as at least a partial region of a second element, bordering on the element including the at least one through hole, and the second housing part includes all elements and/or partial regions of elements not part of the first housing part.

Abstract: A battery includes a housing, at least one individual cell arranged in the housing and including at least one positive electrode and at least one negative electrode, a positive pole stud passed through the housing and electrically connected to the at least one positive electrode and/or a negative pole stud passed through the housing and electrically connected to the at least one negative electrode, at least one electrical switch which can be pneumatically operated and changes its switching state in the event of an increase in pressure within the housing beyond a threshold value and thereby interrupts the electrical connection between at least one of the pole studs and an associated at least one electrode, and a resetting device with which an electrical connection which is interrupted as a result of a change in the switching state can be re-established without the housing having to be opened.

Abstract: A battery includes a housing, at least one individual cell with at least one positive and at least one negative electrode arranged in the housing, a positive tap pole connected to the at least one positive electrode, and a negative tap pole connected to the at least one negative electrode. The battery also includes at least one thermal switch which, in the event of an increase in temperature within the housing beyond a temperature threshold value, changes its switching state as a result of a temperature-induced expansion and/or deformation and trips a safety mechanism which suppresses a further increase in temperature.

Abstract: A head-mounted optical direct visualization system has at least one optical deflecting device (120) with an optical end element (128) for deflecting a virtual image generated by an image source (230) onto the optical end element (128). The virtual image is emitted through the optical end element into the field of view in front of the eyes of the user. The optical deflecting device (120) is attached to the head of the user with the aid of a frame (130). The task of the invention is to configure such a conventional direct visualization system so as to be better adaptable to the requirements of the anatomical and optical features of the user and the application-specific viewing requirements. This task is solved with an adjusting device (140), which is fixed to the frame (130), for variably changing the position of at least the optical end element (128) essentially in a plane parallel to the field of view of the user.

Abstract: A head-mounted optical direct visualization system has at least one optical deflecting device (120) with an optical end element (128) for deflecting a virtual image generated by an image source (230) onto the optical end element (128). The virtual image is emitted through the optical end element into the field of view in front of the eyes of the user. The optical deflecting device (120) is attached to the head of the user with the aid of a frame (130). The task of the invention is to configure such a conventional direct visualization system so as to be better adaptable to the requirements of the anatomical and optical features of the user and the application-specific viewing requirements. This task is solved with an adjusting device (140), which is fixed to the frame (130), for variably changing the position of at least the optical end element (128) essentially in a plane parallel to the field of view of the user.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a mixture of fluorescent whitening agents comprising 20 to 70% by weight of a compound of formula (1), 30 to 80% of a compound of formula (2) and 0.1 to 10% of a compound of formula (3), compositions containing the mixture and the user of the compositions for whitening synthetic fibers, in particular, polyester.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a mixture of fluorescent whitening agents comprising 20 to 70% by weight of a compound of formula (1), 30 to 80% of a compound of formula (2) and 0.5 to 5% of a compound of formula (3), compositions containing the mixture and the use of the compositions for whitening synthetic fibers, in particular polyester.

Abstract: The present invention provides a hydrate of the 4,4′-di-triazinylamino-2,2′-di-sulfostilbene compound having the formula: in which M and M1 independently represent hydrogen, an alkaline-, an alkaline earth metal or ammonium, x is a number within the range of from 1 to 30, and the crystal form of the hydrate (I) being characterised by an X-ray diffraction pattern which is essentially as set out in the accompanying FIGS. 1 to 11; or a mixture containing one or more of the hydrates of the 4,4′-di-triazinylamino-2,2′-di-sulfostilbene compound having the formula (I); processes for the preparation of the new hydrates; and the use of the new hydrates for the preparation of concentrated aqueous formulations of fluorescent whitening agents.

Abstract: The invention discloses multifunctional textile auxiliary formulations comprising (a) 10 to 60% by weight of one or more than one nonionic surfactant of formula (1), (b) 10 to 60% by weight of the reaction product of one or more than one nonionic surfactant of formula (2) and of an ethylenically unsaturated sulfonic or carboxylic acid or an anhydride thereof, (c) 4 to 20% by weight of a hydrotropic agent, (d) 0 to 20% by weight of a nonionic surfactant of formula (3), (e) 0 to 8% by weight of a magnesium salt of an organic carboxylic acid, (f) 0 to 30% by weight of a chelating agent or sequestrant, (g) 0 to 10% by weight of a diol or polyol, and (h) 0 to 60% of water, with the proviso that the textile auxiliary formulations must contain one of components (e) to (g). The novel textile auxiliary formulations are distinguished by their low foaming properties, their storage-stability, their peroxide-stabilizing properties, their good emulsifiability and their good rewettability.

Abstract: The present invention provides a hydrate of the 4,4'-di-triazinylamino-2,2'-di-sulfostilbene compound having the formula: ##STR1## in which M and M.sub.1 independently represent hydrogen, an alkaline-, an alkaline earth metal or ammonium, x is a number within the range of from 1 to 30, and the crystal form of the hydrate (I) being characterized by an X-ray diffraction pattern which is essentially as set out in the accompanying FIGS. 1 to 11; or a mixture containing one or more of the hydrates of the 4,4'-di-triazinylamino-2,2'-di-sulfostilbene compound having the formula (I); processes for the preparation of the new hydrates; and the use of the new hydrates for the preparation of concentrated aqueous formulations of fluorescent whitening agents.

Abstract: A detergent base which is obtainable from the reaction of an ethylenically unsaturated sulfonic acid or carboxylic acid or anhydride thereof with a nonionic surfactant of the formulaR.sub.1 --O-(alkylene-O).sub.n.sbsb.1 --R.sub.2 (1)in whichR.sub.1 is C.sub.8 -C.sub.22 alkyl or C.sub.8 -C.sub.18 alkenyl;R.sub.2 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, a cycloaliphatic radical having at least 6 C atoms or benzyl; andn.sub.1 is a number from 1 to 60;and if appropriate with sugar derivatives.The detergent base has a good calcium-dispersing power, is very stable to electrolytes and heat and has an excellent washing action and anti-redeposition properties. It is therefore suitable for the preparation of powder and liquid detergents.

Abstract: A very pure, dust-free commercial form of 4,2',4'-trichloro-2-hydroxydiphenyl ether with little odor is prepared by diazotizing 4,2'4'-trichloro-2-aminodiphenyl ether, boiling the diazonium salt and purifying the reaction product.

Abstract: Benzazolyl compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are specific substituents, X is oxygen or R.sub.3 N--, Q is a radical of the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sub.4 denotes specific substituents, and A is 2,5-furylene, 2,5-thenylene or a bridge member which contains at least one double bond between 2 carbon atoms or is the direct bond. These compounds are obtained by condensation of organic carboxylic acids with aminobenzenes in diphenyl ether or a mixture of diphenyl ether and diphenyl.