Abstract: Disclosed herein is an arrangement for shielding electronic sensors from undesired microwave or millimeter wave radiation. In this arrangement, reflective element is disposed in the sensor path to intercept incoming signals. The reflective element has a pluraity of adjacent parallel ridges therein having sloped faces angled for reflecting incoming desired infrared radiation onto the sensor. The width of the ridges are selected so that desired signals will be reflected by the sloped ridge faces but undesired microwave or millimeter radiation will be reflected by the overall major surface of the mirror. Accordingly, undesired microwave or millimeter radiation will be reflected away from the sensor by the overall front major surface thereby preventing the sensor from being damaged.

Abstract: An orientation independent ignitron (OII) has an anode, a cathode with a plurality of spaced grooves facing the anode, and a cooling mechanism which causes liquid metal vapor to condense as a film which is retained on the grooved cathode surface by surface tension and forms reservoirs within the grooves. The cathode and anode are preferably cylindrical and coaxial, with the inner surface of the cathode having parallel annular grooves facing the outer anode surface. Igniters are preferably introduced into convex areas between adjacent grooves along radial lines, with individual igniters providing ignition for a pair of adjacent grooves. The igniters can be operated simultaneously or in sequence, depending upon the desired repetition rate and current capacity. A liquid metal film is initially formed by placing the OII on its side, introducing liquid metal into the lower ends of the grooves, and causing arcing between the anode and liquid metal to flow the liquid metal and wet the adjacent groove surface.

Abstract: Liquid-metal plasma valve has an anode, a condenser and a force-fed liquid-metal cathode. These bound the interelectrode space through which the plasma jet acts during conduction. The cathode directs the plasma jet to impinge on an inclined surface which acts as the anode. The inclined surface reflects the particles to the condenser when the anode is noncondensing, but when the functions of anode and condenser are combined, the inclined surface of the condensing anode traps the jet particles. When the anode is noncondensing, in some cases the condenser and anode are at the same potential and in other cases the condenser and cathode are at the same potential. Cathode, anode and condenser are shaped to minimize the transit time of jet particles from emission to condensation.