Abstract: A separator plate for an electrochemical system, an electrolyzer, a bipolar plate comprising such a separator plate, an electrolyzer comprising such a separator plate, and to tooling for producing such a separator plate. The separator plate comprising a flow area having a plurality of integrally formed support structures. An outer contour of the support structures in each case comprises: a first circular arc-shaped portion and a second circular arc-shaped portion, wherein a circular arc center point of the first circular arc-shaped portion and a circular arc center point of the second circular arc-shaped portion are arranged at a distance from each other on a longitudinal axis of the respective sup-port structure, and a joining portion which joins together the first circular arc-shaped portion and the second circular arc-shaped portion, wherein a width of the joining portion is smaller than a diameter of the first and/or second circular arc-shaped portion.

Abstract: Flat gaskets for internal combustion engines are described. The flat gaskets may be used in internal combustion engines, in particular in engines with liners.

Abstract: Flat gaskets for internal combustion engines are described. The flat gaskets may be used in internal combustion engines, in particular in engines with liners.

Abstract: A motor vehicle has an internal combustion engine with an external exhaust gas recirculation system in the form of an exhaust gas return duct connecting an exhaust duct to an intake duct and the vehicle passenger compartment has a heater with a heat exchanger receiving a fluid heat transfer medium. At least part of the structure of the exhaust return duct has two walls, and heat transfer medium flows through the space formed between the walls, providing an exhaust return heat exchanger which transfers the heat removed from the returned exhaust gas to the heat transfer medium which provides the heater with additional heating power so that additional heater frequently required for heaters used with engines having a high degree of efficiency is not required for operation of the motor vehicle when outdoor temperatures are low. Also, nitrogen oxide emissions are reduced by lowering the maximum combustion temperature, and fuel consumption is reduced.

Abstract: Method for one-time or continuous nondestructive determination of the penetration and leaching process of conductive phases in materials, wherein the conductivity of the material to be examined is measured in thin superposed layers in that, after applying voltage to pairs of oppositely disposed conductor paths associated with these layers, the current flow through separate layers of the material is measured and an increase of the current in increasingly deep layers indicates the advance of the front of the penetrating phase.

Abstract: Apparatus for the continuous measurement of increases and decreases in moisture condensation at soil and/or plant surfaces, including a dew measuring probe composed of a sample material, a radiation source disposed underneath the probe and emitting beta particles, and a beta particle detector disposed in alignment with the radiation source and on the opposite side of the probe from the source.