Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of enabling authentication of an information carrier, the information carrier comprising a writeable part and a physical token arranged to supply a response upon receiving a challenge, the method comprising the following steps; applying a first challenge to the physical token resulting in a first response, and detecting the first response of the physical token resulting in a detected first response data, the method being characterized in that it further comprises the following steps; forming a first authentication data based on information derived from the detected first response data, signing the first authentication data, and writing the signed authentication data in the writeable part of the information carrier. The invention further relates to a method of authentication of an information carrier, as well as to devices for both enabling authentication as well as authentication of an information carrier.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of enabling authentication of an information carrier, the information carrier comprising a writeable part and a physical token arranged to supply a response upon receiving a challenge, the method comprising the following steps; applying a first challenge to the physical token resulting in a first response, and detecting the first response of the physical token resulting in a detected first response data, the method being characterized in that it further comprises the following steps; forming a first authentication data based on information derived from the detected first response data, signing the first authentication data, and writing the signed authentication data in the writeable part of the information carrier. The invention further relates to a method of authentication of an information carrier, as well as to devices for both enabling authentication as well as authentication of an information carrier.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of enabling authentication of an information carrier (105), the information carrier (105) comprising a writeable part (155) and a physical token (125) arranged to supply a response upon receiving a challenge, the method comprising the following steps; applying a first challenge (165) to the physical token (125) resulting in a first response (170), and detecting the first response (170) of the physical token (125) resulting in a detected first response data (175), the method being characterized in that it further comprises the following steps; forming a first authentication data (180) based on information derived from the detected first response data (175), signing the first authentication data (180), and writing the signed authentication data (185) in the writeable part (155) of the information carrier (105).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of creating challenge-response pairs, a method of authenticating a plurality of physical tokens, a system for creating challenge-response pairs and a device for authenticating a plurality of physical tokens. A basic idea of the invention is to interconnect a plurality of physical tokens (101, 102, 103), such as a plurality of uncloneable functions (PUFs), in a sequence, provide the sequence with a challenge (Q and use a response of a PUF as a challenge to a subsequent PUF in the sequence. When a final PUF is reached in the sequence and produces a response (R), a challenge-response pair (CRP) has been created, which pair comprises the challenge provided to the sequence of PUFs and the response produced by the final PUF. At least the challenge of this CRP is then stored.

Abstract: A system 100 for authenticating a physical product 110, such as a banknote, including at least one physical product and a verification device 130. The physical product including a random distribution of a plurality of physically detectable particles 112 in a substrate of the product. In association with the physical product, a digital representation (114) is stored (‘stored representation’) of measured physical properties of the particles including an actual distribution of at least some of the particles, where the physical properties are measured through reflection and transmission. The verification device includes a measurement unit 450 for determining a digital representation (‘measured representation’) based on measurements of physical properties of the particles, including an actual distribution of at least some of the particles, through reflection and transmission; and a comparison unit 470 for comparing the measured representation with the stored representation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and a device (104) for authenticating a plurality of physical tokens (101, 102, 103). A basic idea of the invention is to supply a sequence of interconnected devices (108, 109, 110), each device comprising a physical token (101, 102, 103), with a challenge of the respective physical token created during enrollment of said respective physical token, wherein the sequence of interconnected devices is arranged such that a data set supplied to the sequence is cryptographically processed with a response of a token comprised in a device and passed on to a token comprised in a subsequent device which further cryptographically processes the processed data set with its response until a response of a final physical token has been used to further cryptographically process the data set.

Abstract: An optical arrangement of at least a coherent light source (1), a strongly scattering object (5) (the PUF), and a pixe-lated photo-detector (6), wherein the pixels are comparable in size with the bright and dark patches of the speckle pattern produced by coherent radiation traversing the scattering object (5). Quantitively, the pixel size should be roughly ?/NA, where ? is the wave-length, and (i) NA=a/z for free-space geometry, with a being the beam radius and z being the distance between the exit surface of the PUF (5) and the pixelated detector (6), or (ii) NA is the numerical aperture of a lens (7) in an imaging geometry. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, there are tentative requirements that the pixels should be at least smaller than ?max?NA and preferably larger than ?max?/NA, where (in an exemplary embodiment) ?max=5 and ?min=0.05, say.

Abstract: In a device for providing challenge-response pairs a radiation detection element, a challenge-modifying element and preferably also a light source are arranged on the same side of an imaginary plane, which separates said radiation-detecting element from a radiation scattering element. Hence, generation of a speckle pattern having a desired minimum speckle size is facilitated and a more easily assembled device is provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device (100, 200, 300) and a method for creating challenge-response pairs. A basic idea of the present invention is to create a challenge in the form of light emitted onto a light scattering element (103, 203), which light will be scattered in the light scattering element and detected as a response to the challenge by light detecting elements (105, 205). The light scattering element comprises a transmissive material which contains randomly distributed light scattering particles (104, 204), which scatter incident light such that a random speckle pattern is created and spread over the light detecting elements. This random pattern is detected by the light detecting elements, and is known as the response to the challenge (i.e. the light) that was supplied to the light scattering element. Hence, a challenge-response pair is created.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of enabling authentication of an information carrier (105), the information carrier (105) comprising a writeable part (155) and a physical token (125) arranged to supply a response upon receiving a challenge, the method comprising the following steps; applying a first challenge (165) to the physical token (125) resulting in a first response (170), and detecting the first response (170) of the physical token (125) resulting in a detected first response data (175), the method being characterized in that it further comprises the following steps; forming a first authentication data (180) based on information derived from the detected first response data (175), signing the first authentication data (180), and writing the signed authentication data (185) in the writeable part (155) of the information carrier (105).

Abstract: This invention relates to the use 100 of a challenge-response pair 104, 108 for calibrating a device 101 for authenticating 200 a physical token (102) 102.

Abstract: A zoom lens comprising, from the object side to the image side, a front lens group (72), a controllable lens group, and a rear lens group (74), the controllable lens group comprising a voltage-controlled electrowetting device, which device contains a first fluid (A) and a second fluid (B) having different refractive indices, with at least two first fluid-second fluid interfaces (40,42). The curvatures, and thus the lens power, of these interfaces can be changed independently by supplying a voltage (V1, V2) to electrodes (22,32) of the device, so that no mechanical movement of lens elements is needed.

Abstract: An optical scanning device for scanning an information layer of an optical record carrier and including a rotary aim (2; 102; 202; 302; 402; 502) which is arranged to swing about a rotation axis (CR) to alter an angular position of the rotary arm about the rotation axis; a detector arrangement (10) arranged separate from the rotary arm (2; 102; 202; 302; 402; 502) for detecting a radiation beam spot, the radiation beam spot (40; 140; 240; 340; 440; 540) having an angular disposition; a first reflective surface (4; 104; 204; 304; 404; 504) attached to the rotary arm (2; 102; 202; 302; 402; 502); a second reflective surface (6; 106; 206; 306; 406; 506) attached to the rotary arm (2; 102; 302; 402; 502); a first light path (LP 1; LP 1 O 1; LP201; LP301; LP401; LP501; running from a location on the record carrier to said first reflective surface; a second light path (LP2; LP102; LP202; LP302; LP402; LP502) running from said first reflective surface to said second reflective surface; a third light path (LP3; LP103

Abstract: In a zoom lens (30) comprising, from the object side to the image side, a front lens group (12) and a controllable lens group (24), the controllable lens group comprises two lens elements (25, 26) having different dispersions and being movable with respect to each other so as to perform a focusing action. One of the lens elements corrects for the dispersion of the zoom lens. Preferably, the zoom lens comprises at least one folding mirror.

Abstract: The invention relates to a scanning apparatus for scanning information in an information carrier (16) comprising a plurality of layers for storing data on a material capable of generating an excited radiation when interacting with an exciting beam (13) produced by an exciting source (11). The scanning apparatus comprises an objective lens (15) for projecting the exciting beam in a layer of the carrier and collecting the excited radiation. The scanning apparatus also comprises a detector unit (19) for detecting the excited radiation collected on the objective lens. According to the invention, the exciting beam has a numerical aperture lower than the lens numerical aperture.

Abstract: A driving apparatus has at least two driving members and at least one driven member. Each of the driving members is frictionally engaged to the at least one driven member to move the driven member. The friction between each driven member and each driving member is such that the driven member moves when, over half of the driving members being in frictional engagement with the driven member, are moved, simultaneously between first and second positions. Further, the friction between each driven member and each driving member is such that the driven member substantially remains stationary when, less than half of the driving members being in frictional engagement with the driven member, are moved.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and system for multi-dimensionally coding and/or decoding an information to/from a lattice structure representing bit positions of said coded information in at least two dimensions. Encoding and/or decoding is performed by using a close-packed lattice structure, preferably a quasi-hexagonal lattice structure. In particular, at least partial quasi-hexagonal clusters consisting of one central bit and a plurality of nearest neighboring bits can be defined, and a code constraint can be applied such that for each of said at least partial quasi-hexagonal clusters a predetermined minimum number of said nearest neighboring bits are of the same bit state as said central bit. Thereby, intersymbol interferences can be minimized at a high code efficiency.

Abstract: A device for reading and/or writing a disc-shaped information carrier which comprises a support element of a magnetizable material along its circumference. An electromagnetic unit cooperates with the support element and a scanning unit for reading and/or writing the information carrier, which can be rotated about an axis of rotation and positioned with respect to the scanning unit in five degrees of freedom except for the rotational degree around the axis of rotation.

Abstract: A display device comprising at least one light modulation panel and at least two projection elements, wherein, in operation, an image having a relatively high resolution in a relatively small field of view is presented to a first eye by means of the first projection element, while an image having a relatively low resolution in a relatively large field of view is presented to a second eye by means of the second projection element. The second projection element is provided with means for masking a part of the large field of view, which part substantially corresponds to the small field of view.

Abstract: A reflective liquid crystal display (1) is provided with a front illumination unit. The front illumination unit comprises a flat waveguide (2), at least one surface of which is provided with a diffraction grating (7). A period of the diffraction grating (7) is of the order of the wavelength of the light. A light source (4) generates light of one or more colors, and the colors of light are sequentially coupled into the flat waveguide (2). The diffraction grating (7) is divided into separate areas (10, 11, 12). Each of these separate areas (10, 11, 12) is tuned to one particular wavelength of the light generated by the light source (4). Each separate area (10, 11, 12) is subdivided into various small areas so that the surface of the flat waveguide is subdivided into a large number of small areas (10-1, 11-1, 12-1, . . . 10-11, . . . 12-41). Each small area (10-1, 11-1, 12-1, . . . 10-11, . . . 12-41) is bounded by small areas (10-1, 11-1, 12-1, . . . 10-11, . . . 12-41) tuned to other light wavelengths.