Abstract: A system and a method are disclosed for a terminating device for a communications network which comprises an application program configured to utilize an availability status of a user; a communications interface configured to receive and/or transmit data and a presence engine. The presence engine is configured to provide the communications interface with data representative of an availability status of a user, and cause the communications interface to transmit the data directly to another terminating device. Alternatively, or additionally, the presence engine is configured to receive data representative of an availability status of the user directly from another terminating device, and make available data representative of the received availability status of a user to the application program.

Abstract: A system and a method are disclosed for a data processing apparatus (200) is described which comprises a plurality of application programs (206, 210) configured to utilize an availability status of a user; and a presence engine (208). The presence engine (208) is configured to receive data representative of the availability status of the user and generate one or more representations of the received availability status suitable for one or more of the plurality of application programs (206, 210). The one or more representations of the received availability status are made available to the corresponding one or more of the plurality of application programs (206, 210).

Abstract: A system and a method are disclosed for a presence engine and a method of operating a presence engine for encoding or decoding availability status into a signal representative of an audio signal. The presence engine is configured to manage availability status of a user. The presence engine comprises an input configured to receive a signal representative of an audio signal and an output configured to send a signal representative of an audio signal. The presence engine also comprises a processor configured to encode availability status of a user into a signal representative of an audio signal and/or configured to decode availability status of a user from a signal representative of an audio signal.

Abstract: A data processing apparatus (200), comprising a processor (204), a memory (202) and a user interface (210) is described. The data processing apparatus is configured to present to a user via the user interface a plurality of options indicative of a different state a user application operative on the data processing apparatus can have. The data processing apparatus is configured to receive via the user interface a user selection of a one of the plurality of options and to respond to a user selection to establish a user identity in the user application and to automatically set the state of said user application in accordance with the selected option.

Abstract: A process for converting an olefin having x carbon atoms into an olefin having x+1 carbon atoms wherein the process comprises the steps of: (i) reacting an olefin having x carbon atoms with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a hydroformylation catalyst to produce an alcohol having x+1 carbon atoms, and (ii) dehydrating the alcohol produced in step (i) in the presence of a dehydration catalyst to produce an olefin having x+1 carbon atoms characterised in that the the hydroformylation catalyst used in step (i) is based on: (a) a source of cobalt, and (b) a ligand which contains phosphorus and nitrogen.

Abstract: Process for the hydroformylation of an optionally substituted ethylenically unsaturated compound by reaction thereof with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a specific catalyst system. The specific catalyst system comprises: (a) a source of group VIII metal cations; (b) a diphosphine ligand having the general formula I X1—R—X2??(I) wherein X1 and X2 each independently represent an optionally substituted cyclic group with at least 5 ring atoms, of which one is a phosphorus atom, and R represents a bivalent optionally substituted bridging group, connected to each phosphorus atom by a sp2 hybridized carbon atom; (c) an acid having a pKa<3, measured in an aqueous solution at 18° C. or a salt derived thereof; and (d) a source of halide anions. Furthermore some specific bidentate diphosphines used in this process are described.

Abstract: A gate assembly for a trailer which provides for the gate assembly to be moved between a closed position in which both a lower gate member and an upper gate member are stacked and extend upwardly one upon the other and an extension position in which the lower gate member extends forwardly from an end of the deck as an extension of the deck and the upper gate member extends upwardly from the end of the lower gate member.

Abstract: A process for the hydrocarboxylation of an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, by reacting it with carbon monoxide and a co-reactant selected from the group of water and carboxylic acids in the presence of a catalyst system including: (a) a source of palladium; (b) a bidentate diphosphine of formula (I), R1R2>P—R3—R—R4—P<R5R6 (I) wherein P including: phosphorus atom; R1, R2, R5 and R6 independently represent the same or different optionally substituted organic groups containing a tertiary carbon atom through which the group is linked to the phosphorus atom; R3 and R4 independently represent optionally substituted alkylene groups and R represents an optionally substituted aromatic group; (c) a source of anions derived from an acid having a pKa of less than 3, as measured at 18° C. in an aqueous solution.

Abstract: A process for the carbonylation of unsaturated compounds by contacting the unsaturated compound with carbon monoxide in the presence of a catalyst system comprising: (a) a source of palladium and/or platinum; and (b) an unsymmetrical bidentate diphosphine ligand of formula I, R1R2>P1?R3?P2<R4R5??(I) wherein P1 and P2 represent phosphorus atoms; R3 represents a divalent organic bridging group; and R1, R2, R4 and R5 each individually, or R1 and R2 jointly, and/or R4 and R5 jointly represent organic groups that are covalently linked to the phosphorus; and wherein R1, R2, R4 and R5 are chosen in such way, that the phosphino group R1R2>P1 differs from the phosphino group P2<R4R5.

Abstract: A lithographic apparatus in which alignment marks on the substrate are inspected during the exposure of the substrate to optimize the exposure conditions.

Abstract: A lawnmower comprising a generally horizontal metal deck having a top surface and a downwardly extending peripheral skirt, an electric motor mounted centrally of the deck rotating a vertical shaft carrying a horizontally disposed cutting blade below the deck within the skirt, wherein the motor comprises a heat dissipative brushless electric motor assembly comprising a hub which has a center through opening, an annular heat sink attached to said hub, said heat sink constructed of a heat conductive material, said heat sink being of a larger diameter than said hub, a controller for the motor, some of the heat that is generated by said controller to be conducted through said heat sink, a stator being fixedly mounted on said hub, said stator including wire coils which generate heat during operation of said motor assembly, and a rotor mounted about said stator, said rotor being secured to the shaft, said shaft being rotationally mounted within said center through opening, upon passing of an electrical current throu

Abstract: A snowplow in which a snow blade has a central portion and two resilient portions on either end thereof and in which each end portion including a resilient moldboard and a resilient scraper blade as a combination is resiliently deflectable for deflection together forwardly relative to the central portion.

Abstract: A mounting arrangement for a reel mower permitting the mower to roll over the ground in both a forward direction and a rear direction with the mower being drawn in the forward direction pivotable about a generally vertical caster axis forward relative the mower and with the mower being drawn in the rear direction rotatable about a generally vertical caster axis rearward relative the mower.

Abstract: A mounting arrangement for a reel mower permitting the mower to roll over the ground in both a forward direction and a rear direction with the mower being drawn in the forward direction pivotable about a generally vertical caster axis forward relative the mower and with the mower being drawn in the rear direction rotatable about a generally vertical caster axis rearward relative the mower.

Abstract: A mounting arrangement for a reel mower permitting the mower to roll over the ground in both a forward direction and a rear direction with the mower being drawn in the forward direction pivotable about a generally vertical caster axis forward relative the mower and with the mower being drawn in the rear direction rotatable about a generally vertical caster axis rearward relative the mower.

Abstract: A novel construction for a body for a vehicle in which two elongate decks are provided supported in alignment one on top of the other and spaced from each other with rib members extending from each side of the decks outwardly to the side joining the sides of the decks and defining a cavity between the decks and inside the rib members. The ribs are preferably tubular members for strength but reduced weight.

Abstract: A manually removable tailgate for a trailer which is to be coupled to the trailer either in a wall-forming configuration or a bed extending configuration. The tailgate is coupled to the trailer bed by a plug-in-socket sliding arrangement with, upon removal, relative rotation of the plug and/or the entire gate 180 degrees about an axis of the socket permitting movement from one orientation to the other.

Abstract: A universal mounting assembly for a light duty snow plow using a lower triangular frame, an upper triangular frame and a pair of spaced-apart rearwardly directed tubular members for attaching the lower triangular frame to a vehicle. The mounting assembly can be secured to a vehicle using a quick release mechanism regardless of the vehicles ground clearance. Additionally, the plow can be used in any one of a plurality of predetermined positions with the bottom edge of the snow plow blade remaining substantially flat against the surface to be plowed. An electric winch that is supplied power from the battery of the vehicle to which the snow plow is mounted, is used to raise and lower the snow plow.