Abstract: A gadolinium (Gd) loaded scintillation gel (Gd-ScintGel) compound allows for neutron and gamma-ray detection. The unique gel scintillator encompasses some of the best features of both liquid and solid scintillators, yet without many of the disadvantages associated therewith. Preferably, the gel scintillator is a water soluble Gd-DTPA compound and water soluble fluorophores such as: CdSe/ZnS (or ZnS) quantum dot (Q-dot) nanoparticles, coumarin derivatives 7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin, 7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin-3-acetic acid, 7-hydroxycoumarin-3-carboxylic acid, and Alexa Fluor 350 as well as a carbostyril compound, carbostyril 124 in a stable water-based gel, such as methylcellulose or polyacrylamide polymers. The Gd-loaded ScintGel allows for a homogenious distribution of the Gd-DTPA and the fluorophores, and yields clean fluorescent emission peaks. A moderator, such as deuterium or a water-based clear polymer, can be incorporated in the Gd-ScintGel.

Abstract: A gadolinium (Gd) loaded scintillation gel (Gd-ScintGel) compound allows for neutron and gamma-ray detection. The unique gel scintillator encompasses some of the best features of both liquid and solid scintillators, yet without many of the disadvantages associated therewith. Preferably, the gel scintillator is a water soluble Gd-DTPA compound and water soluble fluorophores such as: CdSe/ZnS (or ZnS) quantum dot (Q-dot) nanoparticles, coumarin derivatives 7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin, 7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin-3-acetic acid, 7-hydroxycoumarin-3-carboxylic acid, and Alexa Fluor 350 as well as a carbostyril compound, carbostyril 124 in a stable water-based gel, such as methylcellulose or polyacrylamide polymers. The Gd-loaded ScintGel allows for a homogenious distribution of the Gd-DTPA and the fluorophores, and yields clean fluorescent emission peaks. A moderator, such as deuterium or a water-based clear polymer, can be incorporated in the Gd-ScintGel.

Abstract: A radioactive waste screening system comprising at least one subsystem, at least one computer assembly operatively associated with and configured to receive measurement data from the at least one subsystem, and control logic in communication with the at least one computer assembly. The at least one subsystem is selected from the group consisting of a packaged waste screening subsystem, a volume waste screening subsystem, a subsurface waste characterization subsystem, and a surface waste characterization subsystem. The control logic is configured to verify the operability of the at least one subsystem, to control the at least one subsystem, and to assess the radioactivity of at least one material at least partially based on the measurement data received by the at least one computer assembly. A method of assessing a potentially radioactive material, and a method of determining the radioactivity of a material are also described.

Abstract: Apparatuses, methods, and systems relating to radiological characterization of environments are disclosed. Multi-detector probes with a plurality of detectors in a common housing may be used to substantially concurrently detect a plurality of different radiation activities and types. Multiple multi-detector probes may be used in a down-hole environment to substantially concurrently detect radioactive activity and contents of a buried waste container. Software may process, analyze, and integrate the data from the different multi-detector probes and the different detector types therein to provide source location and integrated analysis as to the source types and activity in the measured environment. Further, the integrated data may be used to compensate for differential density effects and the effects of radiation shielding materials within the volume being measured.

Abstract: Apparatuses, methods, and systems relating to radiological characterization of environments are disclosed. Multi-detector probes with a plurality of detectors in a common housing may be used to substantially concurrently detect a plurality of different radiation activities and types. Multiple multi-detector probes may be used in a down-hole environment to substantially concurrently detect radioactive activity and contents of a buried waste container. Software may process, analyze, and integrate the data from the different multi-detector probes and the different detector types therein to provide source location and integrated analysis as to the source types and activity in the measured environment. Further, the integrated data may be used to compensate for differential density effects and the effects of radiation shielding materials within the volume being measured.

Abstract: A removable automobile molding has been developed that is an extruded plastic assembly, which attaches to the sides or fronts of the vehicle using a flexible magnetic film and can protect any surface of the automobile from dents or scratches. The flexible-plastic, guard assemblies are sized for each vehicle to allow car doors to be opened or closed with the assemblies attached and can be left on the vehicle either temporarily or permanently. Theft of the extruded plastic assemblies is prevented due to the use of spring-loaded clips attached to the extruded plastic assembly, which attach to the edges of the door and cannot be removed unless the door is open. For some vehicles the theft protection assembly may not be required or cannot be attached to the vehicle.

Abstract: A molten salt treatment system and process can include one or more tubular conduits flowably connected to a molten salt reactor, the tubular conduit containing concentrically within it a pipe or a shaft separated by an annular space therebetween, and one or more gas sources connected to feed gas into the annular space. The system may include a scrubbing device flowably connected to a molten salt reactor off-gas outlet to receive an off-gas, a first heating device configured to heat the effluent from the scrubbing device, and a filtering device flowably connected to receive the effluent from the heating device. An overflow conduit may be flowably connected to a molten salt reactor overflow outlet to receive molten salt therefrom and discharge the molten salt to a salt recovery vessel, and a blower or other gas mover may be connected to the molten salt reactor and the recovery vessel to prevent backflow of cold gases through the overflow outlet to the molten salt reactor.

Abstract: An apparatus and method relating to screening radioactive waste are disclosed for ensuring that at least one calculated parameter for the measurement data of a sample falls within a range between an upper limit and a lower limit prior to the sample being packaged for disposal. The apparatus includes a radiation detector configured for detecting radioactivity and radionuclide content of the of the sample of radioactive waste and generating measurement data in response thereto, and a collimator including at least one aperture to direct a field of view of the radiation detector. The method includes measuring a radioactive content of a sample, and calculating one or more parameters from the radioactive content of the sample.

Abstract: Methods of treating materials include providing positrons within the material and detecting radiation emitted upon annihilation of positron-electron pairs within the material while treating the material. Treating the material may include subjecting the material to one or more of a pressure change, a temperature change, and a change in atmosphere while detecting the radiation. Methods of characterizing materials include providing a material in a non-equilibrium state, detecting electromagnetic radiation emitted upon annihilation of positron-electron pairs within the material, and detecting a change in one or more physical or chemical characteristics of the material. Systems for treating materials include an enclosure, a positron-generating device for providing positrons within material to be treated within the enclosure, and a radiation detection device for detecting radiation emitted upon annihilation of positron-electron pairs.

Abstract: Apparatus for producing and storing positrons may include a trap that defines an interior chamber therein and that contains an electric field and a magnetic field. The trap may further include a source material that includes atoms that, when activated by photon bombardment, become positron emitters to produce positrons. The trap may also include a moderator positioned adjacent the source material. A photon source is positioned adjacent the trap so that photons produced by the photon source bombard the source material to produce the positron emitters. Positrons from the positron emitters and moderated positrons from the moderator are confined within the interior chamber of the trap by the electric and magnetic fields. Apparatus for producing and storing protons are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for repairing, regrassing or establishing a green, which method comprises incorporating in the soil surface of the green and/or putting in holes in the surface of the green an/or applying at the soil surface of the green a flowable primed grass seed which displays physiological activity. The invention also relates to the use of primed grass seed to repair, regrass or establish a green which grass seed displays physiological activity. Further, the invention provides a flowable primed grass seed displaying physiological activity.

Abstract: A method for receiving prescription data from a pharmacy is provided. The method includes emulating a device, such as using a pseudo TTY feature of a Unix operating system or a pseudo device of a Windows operating system. A prescription authorization system is then set to transmit data to the emulated device when the prescription data is provided to a claims approval agency by the prescription authorization system. The data can be supplemented with data from a secondary source, such as a system that acquires data in accordance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act or other suitable systems. The prescription data and any supplemental data is then received at the prescription authorization system, and is transmitted to the emulated device. The prescription data is also stored in a local log file, and is transmitted to a data warehouse over a network using the emulated device.

Abstract: A float tube and a separate power unit floater combination wherein the power unit floater includes a toroidal shaped float tube and a power unit shaped to fit in a central cavity of the float tube. The power unit further includes a battery and electric motor for turning the propeller. A switchbox, used to control both the speed and direction of the propeller is placed forward on the fisherman's float tube at a location convenient for the fisherman to manipulate. The power unit being attached to the float tube behind the fisherman to allow the fisherman to have a clear area in front of him.

Abstract: A steerable spotlight assembly characterized by a pair of spotlights rotatably coupled to a vehicle's front bumper, and a cable-and-gear arrangement which couples the spotlights to the vehicle's steering column. More specifically, the cable-and-gear arrangement includes a spotlight rotating mechanism attached to each of the spotlights, a split gear attached around the steering column, a pair of cable drive gears simultaneously engaged with the split steering column gear, and a pair of rotary cables coupled between the cable drive gears and the spotlight rotating mechanisms. The cable drive gears are spring loaded so that they may disengage from the steering column gear if the steerable spotlight assembly becomes jammed. The spotlight rotating mechanisms are sealed and supported so as to be resistant to environmental damage, and provided with a gearing system which will not permit rotational force to be transmitted back from the spotlights to the cables.