Abstract: A layered machine learning system for processing data. The machine learning system comprises decision trees with different depths. An iterative training process is performed on the layered machine learning system to determine the structures of the decision trees based on prior predictions. The fitted decision trees are further configured to update leaf values with a gradient boosting method. By cumulating the predictions of decisions trees in prior iterations, interaction effects are modeled among different depths within the layered machine learning system.

Abstract: A mass and/or ion mobility spectrometer 100 comprises a sample plate 102 that supports a target sample 104. The spectrometer 100 further comprises a laser source 110 that generates a series of laser pulses 112 and a control system 118 that moves a focal point of the laser source 110 substantially continuously across the sample plate 102 such that respective packets of ions are generated by respective laser pulses 112 impinging upon respective locations on the target sample 104. The control system 118 performs plural cycles of ion analysis that each produce a set of spectral data corresponding to one or more of the packets of ions. The spectrometer 100 can provide mass and/or ion mobility spectrometry having increased speed and efficiency.

Abstract: A mass and/or ion mobility spectrometer 100 comprises a sample plate 102 that supports a target sample 104. The spectrometer 100 further comprises a laser source 110 that generates a series of laser pulses 112 and a control system 118 that moves a focal point of the laser source 110 substantially continuously across the sample plate 102 such that respective packets of ions are generated by respective laser pulses 112 impinging upon respective locations on the target sample 104. The control system 118 performs plural cycles of ion analysis that each produce a set of spectral data corresponding to one or more of the packets of ions. The spectrometer 100 can provide mass and/or ion mobility spectrometry having increased speed and efficiency.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of mass spectrometry, an apparatus adapted to perform the method and a mass spectrometer. More particularly, but not exclusively, the present invention relates to a method of mass spectrometry comprising the step of associating parent and fragmentation ions from a sample by measuring the parent and fragmentation ions from two or more different areas of the sample and identifying changes in the number of parent ions between the areas in the sample, and corresponding changes in the number of fragmentation ions between the two areas.

Abstract: A method of ion mapping is disclosed comprising depositing a sample onto a target surface and separating the sample on the target surface according to a first physico-chemical property in a first dimension and according to a second physico-chemical property in a second dimension. The method further comprises ionising and mass analysing multiple separate regions of the sample so as to generate an ion map of at least a portion of the sample deposited upon the target surface. The sample is deposited onto and separated on the target surface by mechanical, hydrodynamic and/or aerodynamic means.

Abstract: A method of ion mapping is disclosed comprising depositing a sample onto a target surface and separating the sample on the target surface according to a first physico-chemical property in a first dimension and according to a second physico-chemical property in a second dimension. The method further comprises ionising and mass analysing multiple separate regions of the sample so as to generate an ion map of at least a portion of the sample deposited upon the target surface. The sample is deposited onto and separated on the target surface by mechanical, hydrodynamic and/or aerodynamic means.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of mass spectrometry, an apparatus adapted to perform the method and a mass spectrometer. More particularly, but not exclusively, the present invention relates to a method of mass spectrometry comprising the step of associating parent and fragmentation ions from a sample by measuring the parent and fragmentation ions from two or more different areas of the sample and identifying changes in the number of parent ions between the areas in the sample, and corresponding changes in the number of fragmentation ions between the two areas.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of mass spectrometry, an apparatus adapted to perform the method and a mass spectrometer. More particularly, but not exclusively, the present invention relates to a method of mass spectrometry comprising the step of associating parent and fragmentation ions from a sample by measuring the parent and fragmentation ions from two or more different areas of the sample and identifying changes in the number of parent ions between the areas in the sample, and corresponding changes in the number of fragmentation ions between the two areas.

Abstract: A method of ion mapping is disclosed comprising depositing a sample onto a target surface and separating the sample on the target surface according to a first physico-chemical property in a first dimension and according to a second physico-chemical property in a second dimension. The method further comprises ionizing and mass analyzing multiple separate regions of the sample so as to generate an ion map of at least a portion of the sample deposited upon the target surface. The sample is deposited onto and separated on the target surface by mechanical, hydrodynamic and/or aerodynamic means.

Abstract: A method of ion mapping is disclosed comprising depositing a sample onto a target surface and separating the sample on the target surface according to a first physico-chemical property in a first dimension and according to a second physico-chemical property in a second dimension. The method further comprises ionising and mass analysing multiple separate regions of the sample so as to generate an ion map of at least a portion of the sample deposited upon the target surface. The sample is deposited onto and separated on the target surface by mechanical, hydrodynamic and/or aerodynamic means.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of mass spectrometry, an apparatus adapted to perform the method and a mass spectrometer. More particularly, but not exclusively, the present invention relates to a method of mass spectrometry comprising the step of associating parent and fragmentation ions from a sample by measuring the parent and fragmentation ions from two or more different areas of the sample and identifying changes in the number of parent ions between the areas in the sample, and corresponding changes in the number of fragmentation ions between the two areas.

Abstract: The Power Insert Device provides a means for extending the operating time of a battery operated tool or device. Removal of the original battery from the tool or device being used and replacing OEM with the Power Insert accomplishes this. The said component is installed in the same manner as the original battery inserts into the tool, insuring a complete, secure, and uniform connection. The gradual loss of power that is normally associated with standard batteries is drastically reduced via a D.C. power plug, which mates to an external battery. The Power Insert also incorporates an overload safety device built into the base design for the protection of the tool it is powering. Battery insert transfers power to device or tool via an SJO cable that terminates into a D.C. male plug. One of the major innovations of this invention, including but not limited to, is the ability to fit into existing battery operated tools with no modifications to the power tool.

Abstract: A method for illuminating explosive, flammable, and other hazardous environments. The method employs electroluminescent lights heaving controlled dielectric strength and capacitance, which when matched with the low current and voltage from an intrinsically safe power supply, and the controlled capacitance of each lighting circuit, produces an emergency lighting system which is both safe and effective.

Abstract: A structure for providing electromagnetic wave energy primarily in the near infra-red region of the spectrum and having an electroluminescent lamp element which includes a red fluorescent dye material for emitting energy in both the visible and the near infra-red regions of the spectrum, and at least one layer of optical filter material having selected color filter characteristics for transmitting electromagnetic wave energy therefrom in a manner such that the amount of energy transmitted in the near infra-red region is substantially increased and the amount of energy transmitted in the visible region is substantially decreased.