Abstract: A turbine method and apparatus having a stator and rotor mounted for rotation relative to the stator. The stator has at least one groove facing the rotor and the rotor has at least one groove facing the stator, the direction of each rotor groove intersecting the direction of a corresponding one of the stator grooves to form a round channel for retention of a ball driven by intermittently inserted propelling fluid as the closely fitted lands of the stator and rotor partially seal the space holding the ball as it rolls along this channel between a presssure inlet and outlet thereof. A return passage returns the ball from the channel outlet to the channel inlet in response to a portion of the propelling fluid or a mechanical moving element. The stator groove may be straight or curved and the rotor groove straight or both the stator and rotor grooves may be curved at different angles.

Abstract: An apparatus for forming liquid hydrocarbons from solid coal. The coal is pulverized to provide a particulate coal feed, which is then extruded to provide a hollow tube of compressed coal supported inside of a support tube. A clay feed is extruded to provide a hollow tube of compressed clay supported inside of the coal tube and a combustible fuel is burned inside of the clay tube. The temperature of combustion is sufficient to fire the extruded clay and pyrolyze the extruded coal to produce hydrocarbon gases and coal char. The support tube has holes for releasing the hydrocarbon gases, which contain suspended particles formed during combustion. The suspended particles are removed from the hydrocarbon gases to provide clean gases, which are passed through an ionizing chamber to ionize at least a portion thereof. The ionized gases are then passed through a magnetic field to separate them from each other according to their molecular weight.

Abstract: A method of forming liquid hydrocarbons from solid coal. The coal is pulverized to provide a particulate coal feed, which is then extruded to provide a hollow tube of compressed coal supported inside of a support tube. A clay feed is extruded to provide a hollow tube of compressed clay supported inside of the coal tube and a combustible fuel is burned inside of the clay tube. The temperature of combustion is sufficient to fire the extruded clay and pyrolyze the extruded coal to produce hydrocarbon gases and coal char. The support tube has holes for releasing the hydrocarbon gases, which contain suspended particles formed during combustion. The suspended particles are removed from the hydrocarbon gases to provide clean gases, which are passed through an ionizing chamber to ionize at least a portion thereof. The ionized gases are then passed through a magnetic field to separate them from each other according to their molecular weight.

Abstract: A method and apparatus in which an extruder with vacuum evacuation and gas injection means is multi-charged with a plurality of materials to extrude these over streamlined fuel-admitting pipes to make a laminated tubular feedstock serving as a moving enclosure for an intense fire with a fusible liner-layer of encapsulating glaze shielding the said feedstock outer lamination as it exits the said nozzle to telescope within a rotating perforated support tube that permits the centrifugal escape of heat-generated fluids and gases within a prior evacuated, pressure-modulated enclosure from which said gases are fractionally expelled to thermal diffusion and centrifugal/parabola/cyclotronic means providing molecular division by mass and weight after which the said divided gases are delivered into an evacuated inert media mass of particles moving in a like extrusion means to a like said rotating perforated tube but with elimination of the said laminated extruded lining replaced by a permanent solid support tube creati

Abstract: A turbine apparatus having a stator and a rotor mounted for rotation relative to the stator. The stator has at least one groove facing the rotor and the rotor has at least one groove facing the stator, the direction of each of the rotor grooves intersecting the dirction of a corresponding one of the stator grooves to form a channel for receiving a ball driven by a propelling fluid to cause the rotor to rotate as the ball travels along the channel from an inlet to an outlet thereof. A return passage returns the ball from the channel outlet to the channel inlet in response to gravity, a portion of the propelling fluid, or a moving mechanical element. The stator groove may be straight and the rotor groove cirved or the tator groove may be curved and the rotor groove straight or both the stator and the rotor grooves may be curved.

Abstract: Metal, fiber or plastic panels are fabricated by the attachment of planar imperforate and/or partially perforated outer sheets to a specially formed center member comprising a web or sheet having a deformed surface defining an array of adjacent triangular projections and depressions. The center member is produced by the longitudinal cutting and folding of the web as it passes between two forming cylinders which mesh with one another, the cylinder peripheries carrying complementary arrays of spaced triangular-shaped tooth elements having their base lines aligned in the opposing cylinders, to shear and thereby relieve the passing web laterally so as to produce intermittent parallel cuts and angular folds in the web while gathering the web longitudinally thereby to form triangular, flat-topped cells in the center member. Instead of using two outer sheets, the formed center member can be used per se, e.g., as a packing medium, or it can be combined with only one outer sheet to form a single-face product.

Abstract: Metal, fiber or plastic panels are fabricated by the attachment of planar imperforate and/or partially perforated outer sheets to a specially formed center member comprising a web or sheet having a deformed surface defining an array of adjacent triangular projections and depressions. The center member is produced by the longitudinal cutting and folding of the web as it passes between two forming cylinders which mesh with one another, the cylinder peripheries carrying complementary arrays of spaced triangular-shaped tooth elements having their base lines aligned in the opposing cylinders, to shear and thereby relieve the passing web laterally so as to produce intermittent parallel cuts and angular folds in the web while gathering the web longitudinally thereby to form triangular, flat-topped cells in the center member. Instead of using two outer sheets, the formed center member can be used per se, e.g., as a packing medium, or it can be combined with only one outer sheet to form a single-face product.

Abstract: Metal, fiber or plastic panels are fabricated by the attachment of planar imperforate and/or partially perforated outer sheets to a specially formed center member comprising a web or sheet having a deformed surface defining an array of adjacent triangular projections and depressions. The center member is produced by the longitudinal cutting and folding of the web as it passes between two forming cylinders which mesh with one another, the cylinder peripheries carrying complementary arrays of spaced triangular-shaped tooth elements having their base lines aligned in the opposing cylinders, to shear and thereby relieve the passing web laterally so as to produce intermittent parallel cuts and angular folds in the web while gathering the web longitudinally thereby to form triangular, flat-topped cells in the center member. Instead of using two outer sheets, the formed center member can be used per se, e.g., as a packing medium, or it can be combined with only one outer sheet to form a single-face product.

Abstract: An apparatus for joining a pair of sheets includes mechanisms for cutting patterns of plural partial perforations in the sheets, applying an adhesive material to at least one of the sheets, transporting the partially perforated sheets in spaced relation to one another with the pattern of partial perforations in each sheet being in opposed relation to the pattern of partial perforations in the other of said sheets, and bending the tab areas defined by the partial perforations in said sheets through an angle of substantially 90.degree. to the plane of each sheet and in a direction extending toward the other sheet to cause corresponding pairs of said tabs to come into overlapping, planar engagement with one another in the region between said spaced sheets and to be bonded to one another by the adhesive material.

Abstract: A pair of paper board panels are joined together by means of a seam structure comprising interlocking portions of the two panels. The first panel has a plurality of spaced partial perforations which define the plurality of flat first tabs each of which is displaced away from one side of the first panel about a hinge line in the first panel. The second panel is provided with a plurality of second tabs along one edge thereof each of which has a relatively narrow neck flaring outwardly into a wider tip portion. The second tabs are inserted through the partial perforations with the free ends of the second tabs being disposed adjacent the hinge lines of the first tabs, and with portions of the second tabs extending beyond the edges of their associated partial perforations to overlie the first panel on the side thereof adjacent the first tabs.