Abstract: Described herein are methods and devices of detecting a particulate analyte in a sample solution, using an electrochemical cell having an anodic compartment and a cathodic compartment, wherein the anodic and cathodic compartments are separated by a semi-permeable membrane. The sample solution is acidified by applying a positive current to the anodic compartment and maintaining the positive current to permit anions to flow from the cathodic compartment to the anodic compartment through the semi-permeable membrane. The analyte is deposited on an electrode disposed in the anodic compartment by applying a negative current. The deposited analyte is stripped from the electrode and an electrochemical voltammogram is generated by measuring the current as the analyte is stripped from the electrodes. The voltammogram is used to determine the concentration of the analytes in the sample solution based on the generated electrochemical voltammogram.

Abstract: A pellicle removal tool including a stage that holds a photomask and an associated pellicle, two or more arms positioned around the stage and configured to engage pellicle side wells of the pellicle, and two or more actuators each configured to adjust at least a vertical position of a corresponding one of the two or more arms so as to apply a lifting force to the pellicle for removal of the pellicle from the photomask.

Abstract: An apparatus including a first strap configured to be placed in a straight or a curled state; and a handle attached to the first strap; and wherein the first strap in the curled state is configured attached to a subway ceiling rail. The first strap may be attached to the handle through a carabiner, a ring, and a second strap. The second strap may have a triangular section and a base of the triangular section may be attached to the handle by passing through an opening of a hollow cylindrical tube of the handle. The first strap may have first and second layers of material and a first attachment device between the layers, and a second attachment device attached to the outside of the first strap; wherein in the curled state, the first attachment device is attached to the second attachment device to hold the apparatus onto the rail.

Abstract: An apparatus including a first strap configured to be placed in a straight or a curled state; and a handle attached to the first strap; and wherein the first strap in the curled state is configured attached to a subway ceiling rail. The first strap may be attached to the handle through a carabiner, a ring, and a second strap. The second strap may have a triangular section and a base of the triangular section may be attached to the handle by passing through an opening of a hollow cylindrical tube of the handle. The first strap may have first and second layers of material and a first attachment device between the layers, and a second attachment device attached to the outside of the first strap; wherein in the curled state, the first attachment device is attached to the second attachment device to hold the apparatus onto the rail.

Abstract: A non-motorized razor has a rigid handle, a thin resilient leaf spring of flat cross section supported at a first end on the handle having a free end portion extending outwardly therefrom, and a generally rectangular blade-carrying razor head attached transversely at its approximate center on the free end portion of the spring in a plane approximately tangent to the plane of the spring with its lateral ends extending laterally outwardly therefrom. The spring free end portion is resiliently flexible in vertical and horizontal planes and capable of twisting along its central longitudinal axis to enable spring-biased movement of the razor head with the free end portion in arcuate vertical and horizontal paths relative to the handle, and spring-biased twisting movement of the razor head lateral ends in diametrically opposed arcuate paths about the central longitudinal axis of the spring and axis of the handle.

Abstract: A break-away lug nut positioner for holding lug nuts on a race car wheel to facilitate more rapid tire changes during pit stops. The break-away lug nut positioner includes a spacer that supports a lug nut at a proper distance over a mounting hole of a race car wheel. That is, the spacer holds the lug nut so that it is adjacent to a threaded mounting stud when the wheel is held flush against the race car hub. During installation, the lug nut is driven into the spacer cavity, forcing the spacer to break into pieces. The adhesive bond between the lug nut and the spacer is weaker than the individual pieces of the spacer, which causes the spacer to separate cleanly from the lug nut, allowing the lug nut to seat properly against the wheel mounting plate. That is, the adhesive and the material and configuration of the spacer are selected so that the spacer breaks cleanly away from the lug nut, and no spacer material remains between the lug nut and the mounting plate.