Abstract: Apparatus for active in situ multi-element gas sparging for bioremediation or physico-chemical degradation for removal of contaminants in a soil formation containing a subsurface groundwater aquifer or a substantially wet unsaturated zone, the multi-gas contained in bubbles, wherein the apparatus includes a plurality of injection wells extending to a depth of a selected aquifer; introducing an oxidizing agent comprising ozone mixed with ambient air to provide a multi-element gas by means of microporous diffusers, without applying a vacuum for extraction of stripped products or biodegration by-products, wherein said diffusers form micro-fine bubbles containing said multi-element gas that oxidizes, by stripping and decomposition, chlorinated hydrocarbons from the aquifer and surrounding saturated soil formation into harmless by-products; also including a pump for agitating water in the well selecting microbubbles, injecting them into the aquifer and effective to alter the path of micro-fine bubbles through a po

Abstract: A method of hydraulic dredging employing apparatus and a procedure for subsidence dredging for subsurface removal of sandy strata which results in subsidence, or drop in elevation of the bottom deposits of a body of water, wherein sand is mined laterally beneath the surface by a combination jetting/siphoning device and is transported from the site of dredging by pipeline apparatus connected to pumping apparatus to an adjacent beach location; and wherein the procedure employs removal of hydraulic pressure which results in subsidence or sinking of the upper layer of marine deposits where the amount of subsidence is directly related to the subsurface quantity of material removed and the removed material is used for beach nourishment with minimal damage to shellfish or finfish inasmuch as the surface beneath the deposits are left intact.

Abstract: A novel apparatus for a method of subsurface sampling which includes a sampling probe having a sample inlet in fluid communication with a sample outlet connected to a tube through which a subsurface medium can be conducted from a desired subsurface point below the earth's surface to a second point thereabove, one of a number of impact sleeves covers the sample inlet, while the sample inlet is covered by the lowermost of the impact sleeves, the probe is driven to a desired subsurface point and during the latter or when the subsurface point is reached, the sample inlet is uncovered thereby creating an uncontaminated flow path for a liquid or vapor sample medium at the desired subsurface point which can be transferred above surface for monitoring/analyzing. The sample inlets can be selectively uncovered during vertical descent for progressive sensing/analyzing, or alternatively the sample inlets can be themselves surrounded by a slotted impact sleeve to achieve vertical sampling without impact sleeve retraction.

Abstract: A pneumatically inflated packer assembly includes spaced upper and lower inflatable sleeves which expand radially to anchor the assembly at a desired depth within a well screen. A porous, elastic bag exteriorly covers these sleeves so that the expanded sleeves stretch and tension the bag such that its intermediate portion between the sleeves tends to expand into cylindrical form so that it lies closely adjacent or against the interior surface of the well screen. In this way, a supply of porous material such as sand housed in an open space above the lower sleeve and below the upper sleeve is free to flow or migrate radially outwardly to substantially completely fill the cross section of the well screen. Groundwater flow into the well is now constrained to flow horizontally through the sand so that its direction and flow rate may be measured by a probe penetrating into the sand.

Abstract: Flow characteristics of a fluid through a permeable solid medium are determined by introducing a predetermined quantity of thermal energy at a highly localized point within the medium and subsequently mapping temperatures around such point to determine the direction and rate of fluid flow through the medium.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a method of and apparatus for determining the corrosion rate of metal by liquid flowing in a metallic pipe system by continuously bleeding off upstream and downstream liquid portions from a metallic pipe at predetermined rates for predetermined time periods and filtering therefrom both heavy metals and particulate metals, determining the rate of solution corrosion and cavitation-erosion of the metal from the amount of heavy metals and particulate metals, respectively, filtered from the upstream and downstream bled-off liquid portions, and integrating the difference between the upstream and downsteam determinations to obtain the corrosion rate of the metallic pipe system.

Abstract: In the apparatus disclosed herein, a continuously operative sample intake is traversed along the shoreline at a preselected subsurface level appropriate for picking up effluents emanating from on-shore septic systems. The conductivity and the fluorescence of the sampled water are measured continuously, the wavelength of the fluorescence measured being chosen to determine the presence of aromatic hydrocarbons and detergent whiteners which are present in distinctive proportions in recharged septic effluents. Signal processing means are incorporated for generating an output signal which varies as a function of the conjoint deviation of the two measurements from the values thereof which are representative of background water levels.