Abstract: A system can include an emitter structure connected to a reservoir containing a working material, wherein the working material is in electrical communication with a first electrode, an electrode opposing the emitter structure across a gap; and optionally a frame holding the emitter structure and the electrode.

Abstract: A display system for sensing a finger of a user applied to the display system includes a display panel; a sensor for sensing the finger; a sensing light source configured to emit a first light having a first wavelength W1; and a reflective polarizer disposed between the display panel and the sensor. For a substantially normally incident light, an optical transmittance of the reflective polarizer versus wavelength for a first polarization state has a band edge such that for a first wavelength range extending from a smaller wavelength L1 to a greater wavelength L2 and including W1, where 30 nm?L2?L1?50 nm and L1 is greater than and within about 20 nm of a wavelength L3 corresponding to an optical transmittance of about 50% along the band edge, the optical transmittance has an average of greater than about 75%.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides laminates, which include adhesive materials and methods that allow for the removal of contaminants, e.g. particulate contaminants, from a substrate surface. In one embodiment, the laminates include (i) a substrate with contaminant disposed on its surface, (ii) a liquid, adhesive precursor and (iii) a film layer. The liquid, adhesive precursor is disposed between the substrate and the film layer. In another embodiment, the laminates include (i) a substrate with contaminant disposed on its surface, (ii) a cured adhesive layer and (iii) a film layer. The cured adhesive layer is disposed between the substrate and the film layer. The laminates may be used to remove contaminant from the substrate surface by removal of the film layer and the cured adhesive layer, which entraps the contaminant therein.

Abstract: A backlight includes an extended light source adapted to emit light. A reflective polarizer is disposed on the extended light source, such that for substantially normally incident light and for at least a first wavelength in a range from about 420 nanometer (nm) to about 650 nm, the reflective polarizer reflects at least 60% of the incident light having a first polarization state and transmits at least 60% of the incident light having an orthogonal second polarization state. A first prismatic film is disposed between the extended light source and the reflective polarizer. A retarder layer is disposed between the reflective polarizer and the first prismatic film, such that for substantially normally incident light at a wavelength of about 550 nm, the retarder layer has a retardance nW, where n is an integer ?1 and W is a wavelength between about 160 nm and about 300 nm.

Abstract: Methods of determining resistive coefficients of a vehicle include using a force-based analysis method and a work-energy analysis method. The methods include receiving an input on a mobile device to initiate a test protocol along a path. The mobile device records a set of measurements for determining a drag area coefficient and a coefficient of rolling resistance for the vehicle using the force-based or work-energy analysis method. For the force-based analysis method, a direct measurement of proper acceleration of the vehicle is measured from an accelerometer on the mobile device. For the work-energy analysis method, a normal force on the vehicle is determined from a direct measurement of proper acceleration from an accelerometer on the mobile device. The mobile device determines the drag area coefficient and the coefficient of rolling resistance based on the set of measurements using the force-based or work-energy analysis method.

Abstract: An optical construction includes a reflective polarizer and an optically diffusive film disposed on the reflective polarizer. The reflective polarizer includes an outer layer including a plurality of first particles partially protruding from a first major surface thereof to form a structured major surface. A first optically diffusive layer is conformably disposed on the structured major surface. The optically diffusive film includes a second optically diffusive layer including a plurality of nanoparticles dispersed therein, and a structured layer including a structured major surface. For a substantially normally incident light and a visible wavelength range from about 450 nm to about 650 nm and an infrared wavelength range from about 930 nm to about 970 nm, the second optically diffusive layer has an average specular transmittance Vs in the visible wavelength range and an average specular transmittance Is in the infrared wavelength range, where Is/Vs?2.5.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer-storage media, for proof of play (PoP) blockchain mining. In some implementations, a corresponding method may include providing a set of one or more task parameters for a group task to each of two or more users; responsive to a consensus among the two or more users, storing a start-task transaction that includes the set of one or more task parameters signed by each of the two or more users; storing an end-task transaction at an address of a blockchain; determining respective rewards for at least a subset of the two or more users based at least on the start-task transaction and the end-task transaction; and recording the respective rewards in the blockchain.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer-storage media, for proof of play (PoP) blockchain mining. In some implementations, a corresponding method may include providing a set of one or more task parameters for a group task to each of two or more users; responsive to a consensus among the two or more users, storing a start-task transaction that includes the set of one or more task parameters signed by each of the two or more users; storing an end-task transaction at an address of a blockchain; determining respective rewards for at least a subset of the two or more users based at least on the start-task transaction and the end-task transaction; and recording the respective rewards in the blockchain.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer-storage media, for proof of play (PoP) blockchain mining. In some implementations, a corresponding method may include providing a set of one or more task parameters for a group task to each of two or more users; responsive to a consensus among the two or more users, storing a start-task transaction that includes the set of one or more task parameters signed by each of the two or more users; storing an end-task transaction at an address of a blockchain; determining respective rewards for at least a subset of the two or more users based at least on the start-task transaction and the end-task transaction; and recording the respective rewards in the blockchain.

Abstract: An optical construction includes a reflective polarizer and an optically diffusive film disposed on the reflective polarizer. The reflective polarizer includes an outer layer including a plurality of first particles partially protruding from a first major surface thereof to form a structured major surface. A first optically diffusive layer is conformably disposed on the structured major surface. The optically diffusive film includes a second optically diffusive layer including a plurality of nanoparticles dispersed therein, and a structured layer including a structured major surface. For a substantially normally incident light and a visible wavelength range from about 450 nm to about 650 nm and an infrared wavelength range from about 930 nm to about 970 nm, the second optically diffusive layer has an average specular transmittance Vs in the visible wavelength range and an average specular transmittance Is in the infrared wavelength range, where Is/Vs?2.5.

Abstract: Cartridges have a cartridge body configured to store a formulation, a formulation valve disposed in the cartridge body, and an air valve disposed in the cartridge body. The cartridge is configured to dispense the formulation through the formulation valve when the formulation valve and the air valve are each in an open state, and to not dispense the formulation when the formulation valve and the air valve are in a closed state.

Abstract: A palette, such as for providing choices of a makeup includes a base enclosing a drawer. The drawer includes pans within pan compartments. The base has a drawer compartment from which the drawer can slide in and out. The pan is retained in the pan compartment by application of a force that presses on the bottom of the pan, and the top of the pan presses against a frame or lid. The pan is removable from the pan compartment when the drawer is slid out from the base to expose an opening in the pan compartment through which the pan is removed. When the drawer includes a fixed frame on top, the pan can slide out from the front of the drawer, and when the drawer includes lids on top, the pan can be removed from the top as well as the front of the drawer.

Abstract: A compact case and a method of making the compact case. The method includes the step of supporting a formulation tray having a depression formed from up an upright wall surrounding a bottom of the tray, and a flange extending outward from the exterior of the wall between a first frame that presses on top of the flange and a second frame that supports the bottom of the flange, wherein a gap separates the bottom of the formulation tray from the top of second frame.

Abstract: A process for the treatment of oily hazardous solid materials such as for example spent bleaching earths. The process allows a safe and economical recovery of typically about 85% to 95% of the residual oil contained in such oily hazardous solid materials and transforms those ones into inert materials safe to transport, store, dispose of, or even makes them valuable for some applications. The process includes the production of a transportation slurry and at least one extraction slurry. The at least one extraction slurry is separated in at least one centrifuge decanter.

Abstract: Apparatus and method useful for, among other things, providing a layer by layer coating of materials on a substrate.

Abstract: A display system for sensing a finger of a user applied to the display system includes a display panel; a sensor for sensing the finger; a sensing light source configured to emit a first light having a first wavelength W1; and a reflective polarizer disposed between the display panel and the sensor. For a substantially normally incident light, an optical transmittance of the reflective polarizer versus wavelength for a first polarization state has a band edge such that for a first wavelength range extending from a smaller wavelength L1 to a greater wavelength L2 and including W1, where 30 mn?L2?L1?50 nm and L1 is greater than and within about 20 nm of a wavelength L3 corresponding to an optical transmittance of about 50% along the band edge, the optical transmittance has an average of greater than about 75%.

Abstract: A backlight includes an extended light source adapted to emit light. A reflective polarizer is disposed on the extended light source, such that for substantially normally incident light and for at least a first wavelength in a range from about 420 nanometer (nm) to about 650 nm, the reflective polarizer reflects at least 60% of the incident light having a first polarization state and transmits at least 60% of the incident light having an orthogonal second polarization state. A first prismatic film is disposed between the extended light source and the reflective polarizer. A retarder layer is disposed between the reflective polarizer and the first prismatic film, such that for substantially normally incident light at a wavelength of about 550 nm, the retarder layer has a retardance nW, where n is an integer ?1 and W is a wavelength between about 160 nm and about 300 nm.

Abstract: A palette, such as for providing choices of a makeup includes a base enclosing a drawer. The drawer includes pans within pan compartments. The base has a drawer compartment from which the drawer can slide in and out. The pan is retained in the pan compartment by application of a force that presses on the bottom of the pan, and the top of the pan presses against a frame or lid. The pan is removable from the pan compartment when the drawer is slid out from the base to expose an opening in the pan compartment through which the pan is removed. When the drawer includes a fixed frame on top, the pan can slide out from the front of the drawer, and when the drawer includes lids on top, the pan can be removed from the top as well as the front of the drawer.

Abstract: Polymeric films, which may be adhesive films, and display devices including such polymeric films, wherein a polymeric film includes: a first polymeric layer having two major surfaces, wherein the first polymeric layer includes a first polymeric matrix and particles. The first polymeric layer includes: a first a polyolefin-based low WVTR adhesive polymeric matrix having a refractive index n1; and particles having a refractive index n2 uniformly dispersed within the first polymeric matrix; wherein the particles are present in an amount of less than 30 vol-%, based on the volume of the first polymeric layer, and have a particle size range of 400 nanometers (nm) to 3000 nm; and wherein n1 is different than n2.

Abstract: A compact case and a method of making the compact case. The method includes the step of supporting a formulation tray having a depression formed from up an upright wall surrounding a bottom of the tray, and a flange extending outward from the exterior of the wall between a first frame that presses on top of the flange and a second frame that supports the bottom of the flange, wherein a gap separates the bottom of the formulation tray from the top of second frame.