Abstract: Disclosed herein are low dielectric constant (low-k) two-dimensional covalent organic framework materials that have a dielectric constant k less than 2.4, optionally less than 1.9, and are comprised of regularly porous, covalently linked, layer structures.

Abstract: A system and method which assumes that the process being evaluated is written in a highly concurrent language or at least is capable of high degree of concurrent operations. The parameters employed in the simulated concurrent performance have a direct affect on performance time.

Abstract: A reactor cavity seal and shielding system for a PWR that protects personnel from radiation during full power operation and shutdown conditions, and allows the refueling canal to be flooded while allowing access to the lower portions of the reactor well. An integral annular seal and shield is sealed to the pressure vessel and to the primary shield. The seal preferably extends horizontally from a flange on the reactor pressure vessel to an inwardly extending ledge on the primary shield, and carries a generally coextensive body of solid neutron-absorbing material. The seal may be fabricated from stainless steel, and preferably incorporates a bellows seal to accommodate thermal expansion. The shield may be silicone rubber, refractory concrete, or any solid neutron absorber.

Abstract: An improved smoking material is provided by the treatment of a film-forming carbohydrate material with ozone such that the molecular weight of the film-forming carbohydrate material is reduced. In accordance with the present disclosure, a film-forming carbohydrate material, for example, polysaccharide is contacted, under controlled conditions, with gaseous ozone and is formed into a smoking product. During the ozone treatment, the carbohydrate material may be in particulate or other solid form or may be dissolved or dispersed in a suitable liquid medium, such as water. The ozone-treated film-forming carbohydrate material may be cast, by known methods, on a drying surface to form a solid film. The resulting film may then be cut or comminuted for use as a tobacco substitute or as a tobacco supplement in a smoking article. Such films may also be used as wrappers for smoking compositions.

Abstract: This invention relates to smoking articles, such as cigarettes, little cigars and the like, having a novel wrapper or outer covering and to a method for producing the same. More particularly, the invention relates to smoking articles comprising tobacco and a novel wrapper comprising a film having certain specified properties. The film preferably comprises a natural polysaccharide component which is preferably combined with an alkaline earth metal component. The wrapper possesses a unique appearance and other physical characteristics which are distinct from those of conventional wrappers for tobacco products, such as cigarette papers and tobacco leaves, as well as being distinct from the various modified tobacco products which have been taught as wrappers for smoking products.

Abstract: An improved smoking material is provided by the treatment of a film-forming carbohydrate material with ozone. In accordance with the present disclosure, a film-forming carbohydrate material, for example, polysaccharide is contacted, under controlled conditions, with gaseous ozone and is formed into a smoking product. During the ozone treatment, the carbohydrate material may be in particulate or other solid form or may be dissolved or dispersed in a suitable liquid medium, such as water. The ozone-treated film-forming carbohydrate material may be cast, by known methods, on a drying surface to form a solid film. The resulting film may then be cut or comminuted for use as a tobacco substitute or as a tobacco supplement in a smoking article. Such films may also be used as wrappers for smoking compositions.