Abstract: Internal combustion engines exhibit improved efficiency of the emissions control system by using a lubricating oil composition of a base oil, an alkali or alkaline earth metal-containing detergent; a metal salt of one or more phosphorus-containing compounds represented by the formula (I), wherein X1 and X2 are independently O or S, and R1 and R2 are independently hydrocarbyl groups, the average total number of carbon atoms in R1 and R2 for the one or more phosphorus-containing compounds being at least 10.4; and an acylated nitrogen-containing compound having at least about 10 alphatic carbon atoms and a TBN of at least about 2; the lubricating oil composition being characterized by a phosphorus concentration of up to about 0.12% by weight and the substantial absence of copper, thereby generating a lean-phosphorus containing exhaust gas.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of an emulsified fuel in combination with an engine oil that shows a synergistic effect in reducing emissions such as particulate matter, hydrocarbons and/or nitrogen oxides (NO, NO2, N2O, collectively NOx) and/or reducing wear from an engine.

Abstract: Lubricating oils containing an additive formulation including at least one sulphonate, saligenin and salixarate detergent provide improved wear performance and decreased sulphur and phosphorus emissions.

Abstract: This invention relates to a lubricating oil composition, comprising: (A) a base oil; (B) a molybdenum and sulfur containing composition derived from a basic nitrogen containing compound, a molybdenum compound and carbon disulfide; (C) a boron-containing compound; and (D) optionally a phosphorus containing compound, provided the phosphorus content of the lubricating oil composition does not exceed about 0.10% by weight.

Abstract: A composition suitable for reducing sludge and degradation of elastomer seals in engines comprises an oil of lubrication viscosity and a minor amount of a sludge preventing/seal protecting nitrogen containing dispersant, which is a reaction product of a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acylating agent having a limited amount of low molecular weight substituent; and a polyamine or condensed polyamine containing less than 20 mole percent of polyamine components of 6 or fewer nitrogen atoms.

Abstract: This invention relates to a lubricating oil composition, comprising: (A) a base oil; and a phosphorus-containing compound represented by the formulae wherein in Formulae (B-I) and (B-II), R1, R2 and R3 are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl groups, and a, b and c are independently zero or 1; the lubricating oil composition being characterized by a sulfur content of about 0.01 to about 0.25% by weight.

Abstract: Lubricating oils containing an additive formulation including at least one sulphonate, saligenin and salixarate detergent provide improved wear performance and decreased sulphur and phosphorus emissions.

Abstract: A composition suitable for reducing sludge and degradation of elastomer seals in engines comprises an oil of lubrication viscosity and a minor amount of a sludge preventing/seal protecting nitrogen containing dispersant, which is a reaction product of a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acylating agent having a limited amount of low molecular weight substituent; and a polyamine or condensed polyamine containing less than 20 mole percent of polyamine components of 6 or fewer nitrogen atoms.

Abstract: This invention relates to a lubricating oil composition, comprising:

Abstract: A lubricant containing (a) a synthetic base oil composition having an overall kinematic viscosity of at least about 4.8×10−6m2/s (4.8 cSt) at 100° C. and a viscosity index of at least about 110; (b) a dispersant-viscosity modifier; and (c) a sulfur-free functionalized hydrocarbyl-substituted phenol detergent provides improved valve train wear, with longer drain intervals, to heavy duty diesel engines.

Abstract: This invention relates to a lubricating oil composition, comprising: (A) a base oil and (B) a boron-containing compound represented by the formulae wherein in Formulae (B-I), (B-II) and (B-III), each R is independently an organic group and any two adjacent R groups may together form a cyclic group; the lubricating oil composition containing sulfur, boron and optionally phosphorus with the ratio of sulfur to boron to phosphorus being represented by the formula S1+5B1+3P1>0.35 wherein S1 is the concentration in percent by weight of sulfur in the composition, B1 is the concentration in percent by weight of boron in the composition, and P1 is the concentration in percent by weight of phosphorus in the composition; the concentration of sulfur in the lubricating oil composition being from about 0.01% to about 0.25% by weight; the concentration of phosphorus in the lubricating oil composition being up to about 0.08% by weight.

Abstract: This invention relates to a lubricating oil composition, comprising: (A) a base oil; (B) an alkali or alkaline earth metal salt of a saligenin derivative; (C) an alkali or alkaline earth metal salt of a hydrocarbon-substituted salicylic acid, and (D) a metal salt of a phosphorus-containing compound.

Abstract: The objectionable odors generated from lubricants is minimized by including in said lubricant a thiazole compound and grape odor mask.

Abstract: A composition of an antioxidant of the formula where R3 is an alkyl group of 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and a dispersant or a detergent, is a useful additive package for lubricant compositions.

Abstract: This invention relates to a lubricating oil composition, comprising: (A) a base oil; and a phosphorus-containing compound represented by the formulae 1

Abstract: A lubricant containing (a) a synthetic base oil composition having an overall kinematic viscosity of at least about 4.8×10−6 m2/s (4.8 cSt) at 100° C. and a viscosity index of at least about 110; (b) a dispersant-viscosity modifier; and (c) a sulfur-free functionalized hydrocarbyl-substituted phenol detergent provides improved valve train wear, with longer drain intervals, to heavy duty diesel engines.

Abstract: This invention relates to a lubricating oil composition, comprising: (A) a base oil and (B) a boron-containing compound represented by the formulae 1

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for making an aqueous hydrocarbon fuel composition, comprising: (A) mixing a normally liquid hydrocarbon fuel and at least one chemical additive to form a hydrocarbon fuel-additive mixture; and (B) mixing said hydrocarbon fuel-additive mixture with water under high shear mixing conditions in a high shear mixer to form said aqueous hydrocarbon fuel composition, said aqueous hydrocarbon fuel composition including a discontinuous aqueous phase, said discontinuous aqueous phase being comprised of aqueous droplets having a mean diameter of 1.0 micron or less. An apparatus for operating the foregoing process is also disclosed. Aqueous hydrocarbon fuel compositions are disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for making an aqueous hydrocarbon fuel composition, comprising: (A) mixing a normally liquid hydrocarbon fuel and at least one chemical additive to form a hydrocarbon fuel-additive mixture; and (B) mixing said hydrocarbon fuel-additive mixture with water under high shear mixing conditions in a high shear mixer to form said aqueous hydrocarbon fuel composition, said aqueous hydrocarbon fuel composition including a discontinuous aqueous phase, said discontinuous aqueous phase being comprised of aqueous droplets having a mean diameter of 1.0 micron or less. An apparatus for operating the foregoing process is also disclosed. Aqueous hydrocarbon fuel compositions are disclosed.

Abstract: A composition of an antioxidant of the formula 1