Abstract: A method and apparatus for non-invasive, real time analysis of physical and chemical properties of a medium employs electromagnetic waves induced by an excitation transducer within longitudinally magnetized strips of ferromagnetic film serving as a waveguide. A physical medium juxtaposed to the wave guide induces a charge center encountered by the pulsed electromagnetic waves. The characteristics of changes induced by the physical medium within the pulsed electromagnetic wave, such as permittivity and permeability effects, boundary oscillations and phase changes are read by detection transducers and transmitted to software for analysis of the characteristics of the physical medium.

Abstract: Disclosed is a cascode amplifier circuit with improved current gain, linearity, overload performance and bandwidth which uses a step-down (of voltage) transformer between a driver stage and an output stage. One end of the primary of the transformer is connected to a driver transistor's collector and the other end is connected to the collector of a grounded-base output transistor. The transformer secondary is connected across the base and emitter of the output transistor. The transformer windings are phased such that a large driver current is forced through a high impedance, i.e. the primary winding impedance which is a multiple of the common base input impedance of the output transistor, resulting in power gain. The amplifier is capable of high maximum overloaded power output free of "break-up" of the waveform compared with conventional cascode operation, as well as greater power gain.