Abstract: A photoreceptor and method of forming the same is disclosed. A photoreceptor includes a substrate, an undercoat layer, and an imaging layer. The undercoat layer comprises a single, non-porous anodized aluminum layer that has an impedance of less than about 50 Kohm. The single, non-porous anodized aluminum layer may be used as the undercoat layer alone, or may be part of a multi-layered undercoat layer system that includes additional layers of other undercoat materials. The use of the non-porous anodized aluminum layer provides the photoreceptor with an extended effective life.

Abstract: An ink delivery device for depositing ink onto a media includes an ink reservoir, a reaction chamber situated near the reservoir, and a valve situated between the reservoir and the reaction chamber. A method of depositing ink onto a media is also disclosed.

Abstract: A photoreceptor aluminum alloy substrate is prepared with specific roughness characteristics and an oxide layer for use in multi-layered electrophotographic photoreceptor. A photoreceptor substrate, or drum, is placed in a lathe and turned using a polycrystalline tool to achieve specific roughness characteristics. A oxide layer is then allowed to form on the roughened photoreceptor substrate. The roughened surface of the photoreceptor aluminum alloy substrate in conjunction with the oxide layer on the roughed surface reduces variances in surface energy across the photoreceptor substrate, and eliminates, or greatly reduces, a number of Tiger Stripe and Tiger Tail defects that may occur in an undercoat layer subsequently applied to the roughened photoreceptor substrate. The approach eliminates the need for wet honing and thereby significantly reduces the complexity and cost of fabricating a multi-layered electrophotographic photoreceptor.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides photoreceptors and methods for fabricating photoreceptors. Photoreceptor device surfaces and fabrication methods have been designed to suppress a “plywood effect.” One method includes providing a substrate, rotating the substrate, lathing the substrate with a cutting tool and a cutting fluid by at least one pass, cleaning the substrate to remove the cutting fluid, and depositing onto the substrate at least one layer.

Abstract: A silencer secured to the inside of a drum, for example, by an adhesive, is directly attached to flanges on either end of the silencer and drum. The flanges may be attached to the silencer without the need for a compression fit, for example, by sonically welding the flanges to the end(s) of the silencer.

Abstract: A mounting apparatus for mounting a hollow work-piece on a machine includes a circumferential groove formed into an outer surface of a cylindrical supporting fixture of the machine, a dampening plug assembly for positioning inside the hollow workpiece adjacent the cylindrical supporting fixture, and an end pressure reducing device for mounting within the circumferential groove for centrifugally supporting and enabling the reduction of machining-induced pressure from the end of the hollow workpiece.

Abstract: A process including: (a) creating an electrolytic cell composed of a metal surface as a first electrode, a second electrode, and an electrolytic solution, wherein the metal surface has a plurality of metal fibers connected to the metal surface; and (b) treating electrochemically the metal surface with externally supplied power to the electrolytic cell to sever a number of the metal fibers from the metal surface to result in severed metal fiber fragments unconnected with the metal surface.

Abstract: A process including: creating a galvanic cell composed of a substrate as an anode, a cathode, and an electrolytic solution, wherein the substrate includes a metal surface having a plurality of metal fibers connected to the metal surface, wherein the cathode is selected to be more noble than the metal surface resulting in the anode being the working electrode, wherein the galvanic cell spontaneously electrochemically treats the metal surface in the absence of power externally supplied to the galvanic cell; and allowing the spontaneous electrochemical treatment of the metal surface to continue for a time sufficient to sever a number of the metal fibers from the metal surface to result in severed metal fiber fragments unconnected with the metal surface.

Abstract: A honing means produces sonic waves that suspend and propel a honing medium against a surface of a substrate. The honing medium impinges on the surface of the substrate and alters the substrate's surface roughness. The substrate and the honing means are positioned relative to each other to ensure substantial surface roughness uniformity.

Abstract: A method of electroforming a non-ferromagnetic substrate for use in an electrostatographic imaging member includes electroforming a non-ferromagnetic substrate of nickel and one of phosphorus, tin and copper. The substrate can be cylindrical shaped and have a substantially constant inner diameter and outer diameter along a length of the substrate. The substrates can be used in various electrostatographic imaging members including electrographic and electrophotographic imaging members. The methods of this invention can provide seamless imaging members such as photoreceptors that can be used in apparatus that include magnetic developer systems, without adversely interacting with magnetic brushes and magnetic toners.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for depositing layered material onto a substrate including a layer formed from a coating solution, wherein the method comprises: (a) cleaning the substrate by dipping the substrate into and raising the substrate from a cleaning solvent selected from the group consisting of (i) a mixture comprising an alcohol and an alkane; and (ii) a liquid compatible with the coating solution; and (b) dipping the substrate subsequent to (a) into and raising the substrate from the coating solution, thereby depositing the layer on the substrate, wherein when the cleaning solvent is the liquid compatible with the coating solution, any cleaning solvent present on the substrate upon the dipping of the substrate into the coating solution fails to detrimentally affect the layer.

Abstract: A photoreceptor fabrication method involving a photoreceptor substrate having a metal surface, comprising etching the metal surface of the photoreceptor substrate with an etching solution and forming a metal oxide layer on the metal surface with the etching solution, wherein the etching of the metal surface and the forming of the metal oxide layer are conducted in the absence of an electric current.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for forming a photosensitive imaging member including positioning a substrate and an electrode in an electrolytic solution to form a galvanic cell and electrochemically graining the substrate surface in the absence of an external power source to provide a substrate surface roughness sufficient to substantially suppress the formation of a pattern of light and dark interference fringes upon exposure of the photosensitive imaging member to a light source.

Abstract: A mandrel comprising a surface effective for electroforming an article thereon, wherein a portion of the mandrel has a contoured surface effective for facilitating axial movement away from the mandrel of the article formed thereon when the article experiences circumferential motion relative to the mandrel.

Abstract: This invention relates to an electroforming device and a process used to electroform a metal layer on an inner surface of a female mandrel. The electrolytic solution flows only through an electrolytic solution passageway that defines the inner surface as the walls of the passageway. The mandrel may include more than one electrolytic solution passageway, or multiple mandrels may be used in a sequential order to mass produce the electroforms.

Abstract: A method for producing a photoreceptor having a substrate subjected to a surface finishing treatment to result in a finished substrate surface, wherein the method includes:(a) analyzing the finished substrate surface by performing a first surface energy reading, a first ellipsometry reading, a first x-ray diffraction reading, and a first profilometry reading;(b) removing electrochemically via an alternating voltage or alternating current a portion of the finished substrate surface, thereby resulting in a cleaned substrate surface;(c) analyzing the cleaned substrate surface by performing a second surface energy reading, a second ellipsometry reading, a second x-ray diffraction reading, and a second profilometry reading, wherein the removing step (b) is accomplished to the extent that the second surface energy reading and the second ellipsometry reading are measurably changed from the first surface energy reading and the first ellipsometry reading, but the second x-ray diffraction reading and the second profilo

Abstract: There is disclosed a chuck apparatus for holding and shaping a hollow, flexible, endless substrate during dip coating comprising: (a) a hollow, flexible bladder adapted to be disposed within the substrate; and (b) a first spindle and a second spindle which are partially disposed within the bladder, the second spindle being movable to press the bladder against the substrate and to shape the bladder and the substrate into an elongated shape.

Abstract: There is disclosed an apparatus for depositing metal on a member comprising: (a) a first electrode comprising a first corrugated side; (b) a second electrode having the same polarity as the first electrode and comprising a second corrugated side, wherein the second corrugated side is disposed opposite the first corrugated side, and spaced therefrom; (c) a channel defined by the first corrugated side and the second corrugated side for movement of the member therebetween, wherein the channel has a plurality of alternating expansive areas and constrictive areas; and (d) a conveyor device for transporting the member through the channel.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for surface treating a substrate used in a photosensitive imaging member including: (a) impinging a honing composition comprised of particulate material against the substrate surface to create a surface roughness sufficient to substantially suppress formation of a pattern of light and dark interference fringes upon exposure of the photosensitive imaging member, wherein the particulate material is capable of being dissolved by a solvent; and (b) rinsing the substrate surface having the surface roughness with a cleansing composition comprised of the solvent, wherein any particulate material remaining on the substrate surface having the surface roughness is dissolved by the solvent.

Abstract: A method of separating an electroformed metal substrate from a mandrel includes establishing a parting gap between the electroformed metal substrate and the mandrel, attaching the electroformed metal substrate at a parabolic end of the mandrel to a parting fixture, and introducing a fluid through the parting fixture into an opening of the mandrel to effect separation of the electroformed metal substrate from the mandrel. The parting fixture includes a parabolically shaped outer cup with a fluid inlet tube extending through the bottom thereof. The parting fixture also preferably includes an inner cup for containing the fluid introduced through the fluid inlet tube and a vacuum device to effect attachment of the electroformed metal substrate to the parting fixture.