Abstract: An artificial system for vision and the like, in which a camera views an object and creates signals corresponding thereto which are conveyed to the nervous system of the subject and produce corresponding sensations such as phosphenes in the subject's nervous system, in which observation, control and improvement of the system is achieved by providing the subject with means, such as a laser pointer, so that the supervisor can determine at any given moment where the subject is “looking”, and using a note-book computer to energize electrodes corresponding to phosphene positions in the subject's brain and using the output of that sub-notebook to create a visual representation of what the camera “sees”.

Abstract: An artificial system for vision and the like, in which a camera views an object and creates signals corresponding thereto which are conveyed to the nervous system of the subject, in which observation, control and improvement of the system is achieved by providing a display which enables the supervisor to simultaneously see what the camera sees at any particular moment and what sensations the subject experiences, and to determine the relative locations of the sensations in the nervous system of a particular subject by producing individual sensations in a particular sequence and spatially locating the sensations in a particular fashion with the assistance of the subject.

Abstract: An artificial system for vision and the like in which a camera views an object and creates signals corresponding thereto which are conveyed to the nervous system of the subject and produce corresponding sensations such as phosphenes in the subject's nervous system, in which the effectiveness of the system in conveying intelligence to the subject is enhanced by converting light-corresponding and dark-corresponding portions of the camera-produced signals into dark-corresponding and light-corresponding portions of the actual sensation-producing signals. Other enhancements include producing a comparatively bright signal of the edge of the object being viewed, the signals applied by a multiplexer which applies the plurality of pulses sequentially to particular locations.

Abstract: Hydrophilic polymeric chambers for encapsulating biologically active tissue and methods for their preparation. The tissue refers to those essential cellular components of a particular organ that is capable of receiving, modifying or secreting hormones. A device comprising such chamber and such tissue is fabricated and implanted in a living body so that said tissue is permitted normal function without being rejected by the host's immunological system. The viability of the tissue in the device is maintained by a correlation of factors including pore size and membrane thickness of the hydrophilic chamber. To maintain the viability of the tissue, the implanted device allows the inflow of essential nutrients and gases, and outflow of metabolites and products while simultaneously excluding the ingress of cellular components of the host's immunological system.