Abstract: A human eye dilation simulator is provided for use in a medical patient simulation mannequin. The eye simulator's pupils dilate and constrict in response to light stimuli, and physiological condition. Eyelids open, close, and blink under control of a simulation computer. The eyelids and can be opened manually for student examination, testing, and diagnosis. Each eye can be programmed independently with a variety of responses to simulate actual eye responses to various neurological dysfunction, trauma, or drugs. The eye simulator is used in conjunction with other responses from a patient simulator mannequin to simulate the bodily responses of an actual patient to various situations encountered in the medical field. The patient simulator is used for training medical personnel especially in the areas of trauma care and anesthesiology.

Abstract: A drug recognition system for patient simulators is provided for use in training in anesthesiology, operating rooms, and emergency rooms. In a patient simulator mannequin, simulated intravenous drugs are administered by syringe. Each syringe used on a multiple syringe manifold contains a simulated drug fluid and an integrated circuit preprogrammed with a drug type and concentration. A flow sensor provides the amount of simulated drug administered. A computer senses the drug type and concentration from the integrated circuit attached to the syringe, and measures the amount administered from the flow sensor. The drug type, concentration, and amount administered is used by the computer, along with other measured parameters, body and drug models, and trainer input, to cause the simulator mannequin to react in the proper or desired manner. In an alternate embodiment, the system can be used to record the type, concentration, and amount of actual drugs administered to a real patient.

Abstract: A compact system that simulates a pair of human lungs. The lungs can be controlled to breathe spontaneously under a computer program, or the lungs can also be ventilated from a standard mechanical ventilator used in anesthesiology. Lung compliance and resistance can be varied during a simulation exercise to simulate various physiological disease conditions. The unit is compact and will fit into the chest cavity of a mannequin. The device is especially useful for the training of anesthesiologists, especially with respect to ventilating patients.

Abstract: An electronic control loading system to create tactile control feel for vehicles and vehicle simulators (especially aircraft) to provide a realistic reaction force by coupling a linear electro-magnetic actuator to a control element for real-time feedback from a preprogrammed computer controller. In an aircraft simulation system, a loadcell and position transducer are associated with the flight control element for measuring applied force and determination of flight control element position. The position transducer is integrated with an actuator, the actuator being capable of setting forth a drive force that reacts to the force and position data as manipulated by a preprogrammed computer based upon an aircraft data package used to construct real-time software models and a digital signal processor or the like high speed microprocessor used to manipulate flight control algorithms.