Abstract: A carpenter's template useful particularly for residential framing construction has an L-shaped crosssection formed by a faceplate having a width of about 4" and a flange having a width of about 15/8". The faceplate has three series of slots for marking rafter cuts for common rafters, hip and valley rafters, and jack rafters, respectively. The flange is configured at its ends into angled edges useful for cheek cuts and dub cuts. The faceplate is marked with indicia related to roof pitch to permit the carpenter to select the appropriate slots.

Abstract: Coal or other carbonaceous material is gasified by reaction with steam and oxygen in a manner to minimize the problems of effluent water stream disposal. The condensate water from the product gas is recycled to slurry the coal feed and the amount of additional water or steam added for cooling or heating is minimized and preferably kept to a level of about that required to react with the carbonaceous material in the gasification reaction. The gasification is performed in a pressurized fluidized bed with the coal fed in a water slurry and preheated or vaporized by indirect heat exchange contact with product gas and recycled steam. The carbonaceous material is conveyed in a gas-solid mixture from bottom to top of the pressurized fluidized bed gasifier with the solids removed from the product gas and recycled steam in a supported moving bed filter of the resulting carbonaceous char. Steam is condensed from the product gas and the condensate recycled to form a slurry with the feed coal carbonaceous particles.

Abstract: In a gain controlled television receiver the level for detecting noise in a composite video signal is increased during the synchronization pulse intervals of the signal over that during the other intervals of the signal. This level increase is controlled by a gate which is enabled during the simultaneous occurrence of a synchronizing pulse from a sync pulse separator and a flyback pulse from a deflection circuit.

Abstract: An automatic gain control circuit provides a high gain signal representative of the difference in amplitude between the synchronizing pulses of a composite video signal and a predetermined reference level. A common emitter transistor provides high gain amplification of the composite video signal, the emitter of this transistor being biased at the reference level via a voltage reference source. The collector of this transistor is coupled to an emitter follower transistor whose output signal is filtered to produce the gain control signal. A controlled positive feedback signal from the emitter of the second transistor amplifier is coupled to the emitter of the first transistor amplifier, and by matching the feedback resistor to the collector bias resistor of the common emitter transistor, the emitter of this transistor is at a virtual ground thereby providing a high gain.

Abstract: Many available coals are "caking coals" which possess the undesirable characteristic of fusing into a solid mass when heated through their plastic temperature range (about 400.degree. C.) which temperature range is involved in many common treatment processes such as gasification, hydrogenation, carbonization and the like. Unless the caking properties are first destroyed, the coal cannot be satisfactorily used in such processes. A process is disclosed herein for decaking finely divided coal during its transport to the treating zone by propelling the coal entrained in an oyxgen-containing gas through a heated transport pipe whereby the separate transport and decaking steps of the prior art are combined into a single step.

Abstract: Coal is gasified in the presence of a small but effective amount of alkaline earth oxide, hydroxide or carbonate to yield a char fraction depleted in sulfur. Gases produced during the reaction are enriched in sulfur compounds and the alkaline earth compound remains in the char fraction as an alkaline earth oxide. The char is suitable for fuel use, as in a power plant, and during combustion of the char the alkaline earth oxide reacts with at least a portion of the sulfur oxides produced from the residual sulfur contained in the char to further lower the sulfur content of the combustion gases.