Abstract: Recorded media is produced by a method for transcoding music, according to various aspects of the present invention, includes in any practical order: (a) reading indicia of a plurality of notes, each note having pitch and duration; (b) selecting a reference pitch; (c) determining indicia of tone from the reference pitch and the pitch of each note; and (d) outputting for use by an engraving engine, indicia of an apposite staff and indicia of tones and durations corresponding to the plurality of notes.

Abstract: Recorded media is produced by a method for transcoding music, according to various aspects of the present invention, includes in any practical order: (a) reading indicia of a plurality of notes, each note having pitch and duration; (b) selecting a reference pitch; (c) determining indicia of tone from the reference pitch and the pitch of each note; and (d) outputting for use by an engraving engine, indicia of an apposite staff and indicia of tones and durations corresponding to the plurality of notes.

Abstract: A method for transcoding music, according to various aspects of the present invention, includes in any practical order: (a) reading pitches and respective durations; (b) reading indicia of a quantity of beats per measure; (c) determining a word for each beat wherein: each word has one or more syllables, each syllable is associated with each pitch having duration that is within the duration of the beat; each syllable for a pitch, when preceded by a rest, comprises an initial consonant selected from the set consisting of ‘d’ and ‘t’; and each syllable comprises a vowel corresponding to an ordinal of the beat, wherein the vowel is selected from a set of vowels in accordance with the respective duration of the pitch associated with the syllable; and (d) outputting, for use by a music engraving engine, indicia of the pitches and words, in a manner that each syllable will be engraved in vertical alignment with the indicia of the associated pitch.

Abstract: A method for transcoding music, according to various aspects of the present invention, includes in any practical order: (a) reading indicia of a plurality of notes, each note having pitch and duration; (b) selecting a reference pitch; (c) determining indicia of tone from the reference pitch and the pitch of each note; and (d) outputting for use by an engraving engine, indicia of an apposite staff and indicia of tones and durations corresponding to the plurality of notes.

Abstract: A communication system, according to various aspects of the present invention, communicates via a network with a person who operates a voice input/output device. The communication system provides collecting and reporting services for journals and surveys all via spoken information. The communication system includes a meta-data database, a constructing engine, and a conversing engine. The constructing engine directs collecting of meta-data directs constructing a journal in accordance with the meta-data database. The conversing engine collects the meta-data from the person for storage in the meta-data database and collects data from the person for storage in the journal. The conversing engine collects further spoken information for a survey.

Abstract: A dynamic memory having self refreshing capability performed without external strobing, is interruptable and can be strobed to initiate a refresh cycle for testing interrupt response timing. In operation of such a dynamic memory, interruption of a self refresh cycle precedes initiation of a read or write cycle by a time t.sub.RPS, sufficient for row precharge. Although t.sub.RPS can be estimated based on worst case analysis, lower t.sub.RPS characteristics can be guaranteed, resulting in higher yields, by measuring t.sub.RPS during memory fabrication using circuits and methods disclosed. In an alternate embodiment, output of a signal indicative of the beginning of a refresh cycle is enabled by a test signal.