Abstract: At least one thermoelectric assembly controlled by a microprocessor and disposed on a thermal conduction pad configured to conduct energy to and from the thermoelectric assembly and adjacent the treatment area positioned with removable electronics and a breathable liner. The hot intensity, cold intensity and time delay between sequences can also be selected as well as alternating temperature sequences with both vibration and tension monitoring to promote blood flow and speed up healing.

Abstract: At least one thermoelectric assembly controlled by a microprocessor and disposed on a thermal conduction pad configured to conduct energy to and from the thermoelectric assembly and adjacent the treatment area positioned with removable electronics and a breathable liner. The hot intensity, cold intensity and time delay between sequences can also be selected as well as alternating temperature sequences with both vibration and tension monitoring to promote blood flow and speed up healing.

Abstract: Inclusions in a liquid flow, such as air bubbles in a blood flow, are detected by transmitting a signal through the fluid and receiving and interpreting the received signal based on the expected degree of attenuation for the liquid and the inclusions. The amplitude of the transmitted signal is automatically adjusted to maintain a constant average amplitude of the detected signal, thus compensating for changes in the detection environment. The average amplitude of the transmitted signal is controlled by integrating the received signal using an integrator with a time constant longer than the time constant of the expected inclusion signals, and comparing the integrated signal to a constant reference level.The presence of microbubbles is detected and a signal comprising a string of high frequency pulses is generated while the microbubbles are present.

Abstract: This invention relates to an apparatus, method and system for directly obtaining the optical density of a dynamic biological system over the wide operating range and a wide range of organism mass, compensating for the primary interference factor, agitation and gas bubble formation, and thereby obtaining a on-line real time monitoring of cell density to follow the product concentration and progress of the biological reaction system.