Abstract: In a geothermal plant, alternately injecting an acid composition and a caustic composition removes or inhibits scale build-up.

Abstract: A scale inhibitor composition for reducing calcium scale under stressed conditions is disclosed. The composition comprises an aqueous polymerization reaction product of an acrylic acid and a chain transfer agent, the reaction product comprising a low-molecular weight acrylic acid polymer having a weight averaged molecular weight (Mw) of from about 1,300 to about 15,000 Daltons. A method of preparing the scale inhibitor composition is also disclosed, and comprises reacting the acrylic acid and the chain transfer agent to give the reaction product comprising the acrylic acid polymer. A process for ameliorating calcite scale in a mining operation is further disclosed. The process comprises adding the scale inhibitor composition to process water comprising at least one stressed scaling condition.

Abstract: A method of controlling volatile fatty acid (VFA) content in a pulp, paper, and/or board making processes is disclosed. The method may be used to provide process improvements in the form of reduced microbial contamination and odor, reduced starch degradation, optimized retention, and improved runability. The method includes treating a process flow comprising a cellulosic material comprising a starch with a VFA control agent. The VFA control agent is non-biocidal, comprises a surfactant or dispersant, a chelator or sequestrant, or a combination thereof, is capable of inhibiting amylase activity in the process flow, and is utilized in an amount sufficient to inhibit microbiological production of one or more VFA. The method optionally includes treating the process flow with a biocidal agent in combination with the VFA control agent.

Abstract: In a geothermal plant, alternately injecting an acid composition and a caustic composition removes or inhibits scale build-up.

Abstract: Solutions formed from ammonium carbonate and/or bicarbonate and ammonium hydroxide are disclosed. An amount of ammonium carbonate or bicarbonate is added to water with mixing. Furthermore, an amount of ammonium hydroxide is added to the water with mixing. Optionally, and amount of sodium hydroxide is added to the water with mixing. The ammonium carbonate or bicarbonate, the ammonium hydroxide, and the optional sodium hydroxide may be added to the water in any order. The solutions are useful in a variety of applications including formation of biocides and synthesis of urea.

Abstract: The invention relates to a stable aqueous slurry composition comprising clay or clay-like material, hydrophobically associative polymer, and optionally a surfactant; and a method of inhibiting the deposition of organic contaminants in pulp and papermaking applications.

Abstract: Chromate-free and metal phosphate free treatments and compositions for applying a conversion or passivation coating for metals, more particularly, steel, zinc coated steel, and aluminum surfaces. The methods of the invention comprise contacting the requisite metal surface with a treatment composition comprising a member or members comprising one or more Group IV B elements, fluoride, and phosphonic acid or phosphonate. Optionally, a silane may be added as a treatment component.

Abstract: Methods for inhibiting the depositions of organic contaminants from pulp in pulp and papermaking systems are disclosed. Hydrophobically modified poly[ethylene glycol] are added to the pulp or applied to deposition-prone surfaces of a papermaking system.

Abstract: A method for clarifying an aqueous medium containing suspended material is provided. The method includes dispersing a treatment additive in the aqueous medium containing the suspended material for coagulating and flocculating the suspended material and then separating the suspended material from the treated aqueous medium. The treatment additive includes a crosslinked diallyldialkylammonium halide polymer having from about 0.001 molar percent to less than 0.1 molar percent of a crosslinking agent. A treatment additive composition is also provided.

Abstract: A method and composition for processing natural water such as seawater, brackish, and estuarine water wherein the water is concentrated with or without heating comprising adding to the water (I) a water-soluble polymeric phosphonate and (II) a water-soluble polycarboxylate to control scale formation and deposition. Optionally a water -soluble poly[isopropenylphosphonic acid] can also be utilized as component (I) without the addition of component (II).

Abstract: A method for clarifying an aqueous medium containing suspended material is provided. The method includes dispersing a treatment additive in the aqueous medium containing the suspended material for coagulating and flocculating the suspended material and then separating the suspended material from the treated aqueous medium. The treatment additive includes a crosslinked diallyldialkylammonium halide polymer having from about 0.001 molar percent to less than 0.1 molar percent of a crosslinking agent. A treatment additive composition is also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides an effective method of inhibiting corrosion on metallic surfaces in contact with a fluid contained in a closed loop industrial fluid system, which comprises adding to such fluid an effective corrosion controlling amount of a combination of an organic diacid, a triamine and a phosphonate compound.

Abstract: The invention relates to a stable aqueous slurry composition comprising clay or clay-like material, hydrophobically associative polymer, and optionally a surfactant; and a method of inhibiting the deposition of organic contaminants in pulp and papermaking applications.

Abstract: Chromate-free treatments and compositions for applying a conversion or passivation coating for metals, more particularly zinc coated metal surfaces. The methods of the invention comprise contacting the requisite metal surface with a phosphonomethylated polyamine. Other aspects of the invention involve methods and compositions in which the following optional components can be included: fluoacid, silane, inorganic phosphorus, acid, latex film forming component and pH adjustment agent.

Abstract: Chromate-free compositions for applying a conversion or passivation coating for metals, more particularly zinc coated metal surfaces. The methods of the invention comprise contacting the requisite metal surface with a phosphonomethylated polyamine. Other aspects of the disclosed tech involve methods and compositions in which the following optional components can be included: fluoacid, silane, inorganic phosphorus, acid, latex film forming component and pH adjustment agent.

Abstract: Chromate-free and metal phosphate free treatments and compositions for applying a conversion or passivation coating for metals, more particularly, steel, zinc coated steel, and aluminum surfaces. The methods of the invention comprise contacting the requisite metal surface with a treatment composition comprising a member or members comprising one or more Group IV B elements, fluoride, and phosphonic acid or phosphonate. Optionally, a silane may be added as a treatment component.

Abstract: A method and composition for processing natural water such as seawater, brackish, and estuarine water wherein the water is concentrated with or without heating comprising adding to the water (I) a water-soluble polymeric phosphonate and (II) a water-soluble polycarboxylate to control scale formation and deposition. Optionally a water-soluble poly[isopropenylphosphonic acid] can also be utilized as component (I) without the addition of component (II).

Abstract: Methods for inhibiting the depositions of organic contaminants from pulp in pulp and papermaking systems are disclosed. A combination of an enzyme and a nonionic polymeric detackifier are added to the pulp or applied to deposition-prone process equipment surfaces of a pulp and papermaking system.

Abstract: Processes for making acrylic acid/allyl ether copolymers are provided wherein hypo phosphorous acid and its salts are used as chain transfer agents during the polymerization process. The hypo phosphorous acid feed time is regulated in comparison to the feed time of the acrylic acid feed at a duration of about 0–75% hypo phosphorous acid feed:total acrylic acid feed time. Phosphorus containing copolymers made by the processes are also disclosed.

Abstract: Aviation fuel, such as jet fuel, blends and methods for improving cold flow properties of such fuels at extremely low temperatures are disclosed. Cold flow properties of, for example, JP-8 jet fuel are improved by addition to the fuel of an oil-soluble, polar nitrogen-containing compound. Demonstratable cold flow improvement of such fuels at temperatures of about −53° C. and lower is shown.