Abstract: A composition comprising acetylene fluid at least partially solubilized in an improved solvent is described. The improved solvents exhibit non-toxicity and are further characterized by low vapor pressures to minimize solvent carryover during delivery of the acetylene fluid, while retaining suitable acetylene solubilizing capacity.

Abstract: A carbon adsorbent storage and dispensing system is provided with a structurally modified particulate carbon adsorbent designed with optimal volumetric surface area for a certain range of particle sizes. Bulk density and specific surface area are carefully balanced to ensure the volumetric surface area remains within an optimal range to create high performance, as measured by dispensing capacity of the dopant fluid that is reversibly adsorbed onto the structurally modified particulate carbon adsorbent.

Abstract: A composition comprising acetylene fluid at least partially solubilized in an improved solvent is described. The improved solvents exhibit non-toxicity and are further characterized by low vapor pressures to minimize solvent carryover during delivery of the acetylene fluid, while retaining suitable acetylene solubilizing capacity.

Abstract: A composition comprising acetylene fluid at least partially solubilized in an improved solvent is described. The improved solvents exhibit non-toxicity and are further characterized by low vapor pressures to minimize solvent carryover during delivery of the acetylene fluid, while retaining suitable acetylene solubilizing capacity.

Abstract: A carbon adsorbent storage and dispensing system is provided with a structurally modified particulate carbon adsorbent designed with optimal volumetric surface area for a certain range of particle sizes. Bulk density and specific surface area are carefully balanced to ensure the volumetric surface area remains within an optimal range to create high performance, as measured by dispensing capacity of the dopant fluid that is reversibly adsorbed onto the structurally modified particulate carbon adsorbent.

Abstract: This invention provides a two-stage leaching procedure for manganese nodules for obtaining directly from a second leaching stage a substantially pure stream of copper free of other metal values, the other metal values, including manganese, nickel and cobalt, having been previously extracted in an earlier leaching stage. Both leaching operations are carried out utilizing an ammoniacal aqueous solution on a reduced manganese nodule.

Abstract: This invention provides a two-stage leaching procedure for manganese nodules for obtaining directly in one leaching stage the metal values other than manganese in one ammoniacal aqueous solution. The manganese nodules are reduced and then leached initially utilizing a solution of an ammonium salt, e.g., ammonium sulfate, to selectively leach out the manganese value, followed by a second stage leaching with an ammoniacal solution, to leach out the nickel, cobalt and copper values. The nickel, cobalt and copper values can then be individually separated from the second leach solution by liquid ion exchange extraction.

Abstract: This invention provides a leaching procedure for manganese nodules for obtaining directly from a leaching stage all of the metal values, including manganese, utilizing an ammoniacal aqueous solution. The manganese nodules are reduced and then leached utilizing an ammoniated solution of an ammonium salt comprising at least about 150 grams per liter of ammonium ion and at least 0.83 Normal in the anion, other than hydroxyl. The resultant leach solution comprises the dissolved manganese, nickel, cobalt and copper values from the nodule ore, and can subsequently be treated, as by liquid ion exchange, to separate out the individual metal values.

Abstract: Ocean floor nodules are treated with halogenating agents to produce a pregnant leach solution which is subjected to selective solvent extraction to isolate metal values contained in the ore.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for selectively extracting cobalt value from an aqueous ammoniacal solution containing dissolved nickel and cobalt. The solution is contacted, at a pH of at least about 8.5, with an organic solution of a hydrocarbon-substituted 8-hydroxyquinoline while maintaining the pH of the aqueous solution at least at about 8.5. by adding ammonia or ammonium hydroxide. There are also dissolved in the aqueous solution ammonium ion and halide ion. The cobalt value is selectively extracted into the organic solution which is then separated from the aqueous solution; the cobalt can be stripped from the organic solution.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for treating manganese oxide ores in an aqueous medium, with hydrogen halide or sulfuric acid, and a hydrogen sulfide or a metal sulfide, e.g. an ore. A leach liquor containing the desirable metal halides is then separated from the solid, insoluble residue. Any iron value in either the manganese oxide ore or in any metal sulfide ore present is not dissolved or is converted to an insoluble iron oxide. Elemental sulfur is also obtained.The metal values in the leach liquor are recovered by crystallization of the manganese halide and liquid ion exchange extraction of the other metal values present.

Abstract: This invention provides a halidation process for obtaining a high purity manganese oxide from a manganiferous ore, while reclaiming a substantial portion of the hydrogen halide reagent. The process comprises halidating the ore with a hydrogen halide and leaching to form the corresponding halogen and an aqueous solution comprising dissolved manganese halide and ferric halide. The hydrogen halide can be in the gaseous state and/or dissolved in the aqueous leach solution.The manganese halide and the ferric halide are preferably individually separated from the leach solution by crystallization and by selective extraction, respectively. The crystallized manganese halide is reacted with water at a temperature of from about 400.degree. C to about 700.degree. C to yield the corresponding hydrogen halide, which is recycled, and manganese oxide.In one embodiment, a concentrated leach solution is formed at a temperature of at least about 90.degree.

Abstract: Ocean floor nodules are treated with aqueous hydrogen halide to produce a pregnant leach solution which is subjected to selective solvent extraction to isolate metal values contained in the ore.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for separating metal values from an anhydrous mixture of metal halides in a fluid state, i.e. vapor or liquid; the separation is made by contacting a fluid mixture containing a halide of at least one less-noble metal selected from the group consisting of iron and manganese, and a halide of at least one more-noble metal selected from the group consisting of copper, cobalt and nickel, with an elemental metal. This procedure is especially effective in the refining of ocean floor nodule ores.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for selectively removing metal values from ocean floor nodule ore by a two-stage procedure. In the first stage, the ore is leached with an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid or a hydrogen halide to preferentially remove nickel and copper. In the second stage, the ore is leached with a reducing agent to preferentially remove cobalt and manganese. The two leach solutions can then be further treated to separate the individual metal values, e.g., by liquid ion exchange procedures.