Abstract: Method and apparatus for altering the physical characteristics of liquids and gases. The fluid is pumped into an elongated cylindrical chamber whose elongated wall contains a multiplicity of spaced apart cylindrical holes under sufficient pressure to cause the fluid to exit from the cylindrical holes as jets having an exit velocity of at least 0.025 feet (0.0076 m) per second. The jets of fluid exit from the cylindrical holes into an annular chamber surrounding the elongated cylindrical chamber and having a common axis as the elongated cylindrical chamber. The entire inner surface of the annular chamber is coated with an alloy of copper and nickel. The jets of fluid bombard the surfaces of the annular chamber to induce the copper-nickel alloy to give up electrons. The freed electrons combine with a significant number of molecules of the fluid to thereby alter the physical characteristics of the entire body of fluid.

Abstract: A method of removing hydrocarbons from soils contaminated with various hydrocarbons such as gasoline, diesel fuel, solvents, motor oil and crude oil. The process first screens the soil to remove oversized rocks and debris and to reduce the contaminated soil to uniformly sized particles. The soil particles are moved along a conveyor and first sprayed with an oxidizer diluted with ionized water and then sprayed with only ionized water. The washed particles are then vigorously mixed with their entrained oxidizer and ionized water in an auger mixer for several minutes to oxidize almost all of the remaining hydrocarbons. The washed and hydrocarbon-free soil is then moved by conveyor to a stockpile for storage, testing and drying.

Abstract: A clarification system for water having entrained in solution or as an emulsion, broad spectrum contaminants. The system comprises a collision chamber having an entry aperture and an ion collider disposed in a central region therein. The ion collider treats the water and the contaminants with a plurality of free electrons. A separation chamber is disposed rearwardly of the collision chamber and is in flow communication with a first overflow weir for receiving the treated water and treated contaminants. An upstanding member in the separation chamber has a plurality of apertures sized to urge passage of the bulk of the treated contaminants through the apertures. A clarifying chamber is disposed rearwardly of the separation chamber and has a plurality of baffle plates obliquely oriented that urge upward flow of the treated water therethrough across the baffle plates. A water collection reservoir is disposed rearwardly of the clarifying chamber and is in flow communication with the clarifying chamber.

Abstract: A method of increasing the amount of hydrocarbons that are recoverable from an underground reservoir into which an oil well has been drilled. The method includes first pumping a quantity of negatively charged water down the oil well and into the underground reservoir. Then a quantity of particles of a copper-nickel-zinc alloy are pumped down the oil well and into the underground oil reservoir. Optionally the alloy is followed by a quantity of frac sand pumped down the well and into the reservoir and followed by a sufficient volume of negatively charged water to flush the frac sand out of the well casing and wellbore and into the reservoir. The well is then shut-in to stabilize the particles of alloy and frac sand, if added, within the reservoir.

Abstract: Method and apparatus to facilitate the economical recovery of crude oil from an oil well having a string of tubing which extends to the level of the underground reservoir of crude oil. An Ion Collider is attached to the lower end of the tubing with the Ion Collider at the level of the crude oil reservoir. The Ion Collider consists of two spaced-apart cylindrical metal tubes whose common vertical axis coincides with the axis of the string of tubing. The Ion Collider's inner tube has its upper end capped and its lower end joined to the lower end of the outer tube whose upper end opens into the interior of the tubing. The Ion Collider's inner tube contains a multiplicity of spaced-apart holes in its cylindrical wall. The entire inner tube and the inner surface of the outer tube are made of an alloy of copper and nickel in which the copper comprises at least 80% of the alloy.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for separating immiscible solid or liquid particles such as oil from a liquid-based mixture or emulsion. The apparatus consists of two spaced apart concentric elongated metal cylinders. The wall of the innermost cylinder contains a multiplicity of spaced apart radially bored holes and its exit end is capped. The outer surface of the innermost cylinder and the inner surface of the outer cylinder consists of an alloy of copper and nickel. Liquid is pumped under pressure into the innermost cylinder causing a multiplicity of jets of liquid to issue from the holes in the inner cylinder wall to bombard the copper-nickel surface of the inner wall of the outer cylinder. Electrons freed from the copper in the wall combine with both liquid molecules and particle molecules, causing the particles to separate from the liquid.