Abstract: The invention relates to an electronic ignition system for gasoline internal combustion engines wherein a Hall sensor is used to generate the reference signal corresponding to the position of the crankshaft or the pistons in the cylinders. The ignition point is electronically controlled in dependence upon the speed and the load. In accordance with the invention, control information in the form of an information voltage is generated at at least one capacitor by the charging and discharging procedure controlled by the reference signal. To determine the ignition point, this information voltage is either compared with a d.c. voltage which is alterable in dependence upon load or it itself is altered in dependence upon load and compared with an unaltered d.c. voltage.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electronically controlled ignition system in which a correction signal is obtained from a control signal derived directly from an ignition pulse sensor. The invention consists of producing a saw-tooth signal with a rising flank and a falling flank within one cycle of the square wave control signal, using only one flank of the said control signal. The ratio or relationship between the gradients of the two flanks is a measure of the change in the corrected signal relative to the control signal. The electronically controlled ignition system is particularly suitable for compensating for the ignition advance, caused by an induction sensor, as compared to the mechanical position of the rotor at low engine speeds.

Abstract: An electronically controlled ignition system is provided in which the point in time at which the primary current flowing through the primary winding of the ignition coil starts, is controlled as a function of speed so that the said primary current only reaches the value required for ignition just before the ignition time and in which immediately before the ignition time, it is ascertained whether the primary current has reached the value required for ignition, wherein if there is no primary current or insufficient primary current to prevent ignition during periodic fluctuations in speed, the electronic control arrangement is switched off for a fixed period and the time at which the primary current is used is derived directly from the control signal of the ignition pulse generator and in which, once the switch off period has come to an end, continuous and automatic electronic control is reinstituted.

Abstract: An ignition system has an electronic control unit which produces trigger pulses in response to received ignition control signals, the control unit also receiving test pulses indicating the period of time for which current supplied to the primary winding of the ignition coil is at its maximum value, the control unit extending the test pulses and supplying the extended pulses to a logic circuit which, when a trigger pulse occurs without an extended pulse simultaneously occurring, produces an output signal to indicate misfiring, and to temporarily switch off the control.

Abstract: An input stage for an ignition control circuit is provided for producing an output signal from a comparator which switches the primary current circuit of the ignition coil in dependence on a control signal in which the control signal causes alternate switching of two current multipliers, a first charging current determined by a charging resistance and a second charging current determined by the first current multiplier charges a first capacitor, a third charging current derived from the second charging current charges a second capacitor, a first discharge current determined by a discharging resistance and a second discharge current determined by the second current multiplier discharges the first capacitor, a third discharging current derived from the second charging current discharges the second capacitor and a comparator compares the voltage at the second capacitor with a reference voltage to produce an output signal for switching the primary current of the ignition coil.

Abstract: In a circuit producing an output voltage independent of temperature and comprising first and second pairs of interconnected transistors arranged in parallel circuit branches, the active transistor areas of the transistors within each pair are arranged to be different.

Abstract: An electronic ignition system comprising an ignition coil, having the spark gap in circuit with its secondary winding, a primary transistor and a current limiting circuit in circuit with its secondary winding, a filter transistor connected in front of said primary transistor and controlled by a control signal and a resistor network connected in the current path of the filter transistor, the filter transistor and the resistor network being so dimensioned that, during a rise in current in the primary winding, the further transistor is in saturated operation and a jump in the voltage across the resistor network to a constant maximum voltage when the current is limited by the current limiting circuit, a pulse being derivable from the voltage curve at the resistor network.

Abstract: An H.F. broadband amplifier comprises a transistorized differential amplifier input stage the potential of which is set by a voltage divider circuit, and an additional transistor for attenuating a.c. signals present at the input of the amplifier in its turned off stage, the emitter-collector parts of the additional transistor being connected into a collector current circuit of a transistor of the differential amplifier, and the base of the additional transistor being operated in base connection, and switched to a reference potential of low resistence in HF terms to reduce the capacitative coupling between input, and output of the amplifier circuit.

Abstract: A microphone amplifier in a telephone station furnished with current from the telephone network. When a capacitive degenerative feedback is used in the amplifier a certain time has to pass after applying the supply voltage before the operating point of the amplifier is reached because of the charging time of the capacitor. The switching of the supply voltage occurs at the dialing operation at each digit of a dial number since during the transmission period of a digit the handset including the microphone is switched off the subscriber line which carries the current usd for supplying the amplifier with energy. By the use of a special circuit the charging time of the capacitor is shortened drastically.

Abstract: A circuit for switching and transmitting alternating voltages comprise an MOS transistor, the pn-junctions which surround the source and drain regions being biased in a blocking direction in the driven condition of the transistor, correspondence between the potential difference between gate and alternating voltages and the required drive voltage of the transistor being achieved by a circuit which largely synchronizes gate voltage changes with the alternating voltage to be transmitted.

Abstract: An electronic switch for converting a pulse signal into a continuous analog signal by connecting a d.c. voltage to an integrating circuit under the control of pulses of the pulse signal comprising two switching elements connected by a voltage divider, and lying between the poles of the d.c. voltage source, the divider ratio being selected to compensate the effects on the analog output signal at the output of the integrating circuit of temperature dependence of the switching elements.

Abstract: The circuitry is used, for identifying television transmitters, in a television set receiving synchronizing signals and line flyback pulses characteristic of television transmitters, particularly for television receivers including a station finder circuit. The circuitry, during the time period of the line flyback pulses, derives samples of those signals appearing above the black level of the video signal, from the demodulated input signal. The number of amplitude jumps determined during the time period of the line flyback pulses is utilized as the criterion for identification of a television transmitter. The signals appearing above the black level of the video signal are inverted and then combined, in an AND circuit, with the line flyback pulses, and the output of the AND circuit is connected to a digital counter circuit to supply the output pulses thereto as counting pulses, with the flyback pulses being supplied to the digital counter circuit as gate pulses.

Abstract: A tuning circuit for tuning a high frequency receiving apparatus with residual sideband modulation, especially a television receiver, with a counter for forming encoded values of tuning voltage, with a store for the digital storing of the encoded values of tuning voltage, with a D/A converter for generating the analog tuning voltages from the encoded values and with a circuit for automatic fine tuning to the required position of a received transmitter. In such tuning circuit means are provided which so alter the value of the tuning voltage before or during writing into the store or after or during reading out from the store that this value corresponds not to the required tuning position but to a tuning position shifted into the fully transmitted sideband. The exact tuning ot the transmitter to the required position is effected by the circuit for fine tuning.

Abstract: An integrated circuit arrangement comprises a semiconductor body carrying an integrated circuit which is embedded in an insulating material casing together with a plurality of flat strip lines for making electrical connection with the semiconductor body, and a layer of electrically conductive material in or on the casing in a plane substantially parallel to the flat strip lines only on the side of the semiconductor body in which the construction elements forming the integrated circuit are located.

Abstract: A remote control device for operation by means of radiation comprising a receiver for the radiation including means for transforming the radiation into an electric signal and rectification means for rectifying the electric signal.

Abstract: A circuit, for producing direct voltages, for example the tuning voltages for a television or radio receiver, lying within a direct voltage range from pulses fed to an integrating circuit at whose output the direct voltages appear. A plurality of pulses (I) are fed to the integrating circuit, at whose output the direct voltage (U.sub.I) appears, within a period duration (T) assigned to the desired direct voltage range, with the period duration (T) being at least of the magnitude T = (U.sub.max - U.sub.min) .multidot..DELTA..tau./.DELTA.U.sub.I, where (U.sub.max - U.sub.min) is the desired direct voltage range, .DELTA..tau. is the shortest time duration of a pulse (I) and .DELTA.U.sub.I is the smallest voltage step width associated with the shortest pulse duration .DELTA..tau. by which two different direct voltages (U.sub.I) at least differ from one another.

Abstract: A frequency sensitive network responsive to frequencies somewhat above the useful signal band of a demodulated radio signal is interconnected with the inputs of a differential amplifier, so that the desired signal and the portions of the interference signals unaffected by the frequency sensitive circuit cancel out and a "stripped" interference signal is obtained which is fed to a transistor circuit that produces trigger pulses for a multivibrator, regardless of which side of the differential amplifier first produces a pulse. The multivibrator provides pulses to a blanking switch and also charges a capacitor in a RC network, in which charge accumulates when the control pulses are bunched closely in time and this effect is used to produce a bias for disabling the provision of trigger pulses to the multivibrator until the capacitor charge leaks off.

Abstract: A transmitter amplifier comprises a transistor forming a class B or C amplifier element and output and input circuits for the amplifier element connected by a low-pass filter with a limiting frequency below the intended frequency band of the amplifier.

Abstract: A ring counter composed of a plurality of stages connected in sequence and including electronic switches, holding circuits, and elements for feeding a timing pulse only to a stage connected after a stage which is switched on.