Abstract: The invention presents a method and device for increasing the fracture resistance of a bone tissue to a traumatic force. The method includes the step of selecting a nonphysiological impulse force having a location and direction resembling that of the traumatic force, but having a magnitude significantly smaller than the magnitude of the traumatic force. The impulse force is then repeatedly applied to the bone tissue, thereby stimulating the bone tissue to grow bone mass in critical areas where stresses from the traumatic force are largest. A device for applying the method includes an impulse force applicator for repeatedly applying the impulse force and a positioner for positioning the impulse force relative to the bone tissue.

Abstract: A tug-resistant unit in which the first and second relatively inextensible members overlap one another. A shear-thickening composition having dilatant flow characteristics is disposed between the first and the second inextensible members. The composition provides a variable resistance to linear movement of the second inextensible member relative to the first inextensible member as a function of the shear forces exerted upon the dilatant fluid. The inextensible members may be enclosed within an extensible enclosure to form an elastic strap. Alternatively, one inextensible member may form a portion of the enclosure while the second inextensible member is disposed within the strap so as to overlap the first inextensible portion of the enclosure. The strap provides low resistance to slowly-varying tensile forces and high resistance to rapidly-changing tensile forces, thereby moderating the velocity of relative motion between the ends.

Abstract: A garment, in one embodiment of the invention, reduces the risk of bone fracture of a human or animal subject due to impact forces on a vulnerable region having a bone part near the skin surface when the vulnerable region is proximate to a soft tissue region lacking a bone part near the skin surface. The garment has an arrangement for shunting a substantial portion of the impact energy from the vulnerable region to the soft tissue region, where such energy may be safely absorbed and/or dissipated. In a further embodiment, there is utilized a dilatent material that is relatively stiff near the time of impact and relatively fluid at other times. Related methods are also provided.

Abstract: A garment, in one embodiment of the invention, reduces the risk of bone fracture of a human or animal subject due to impact forces on a vulnerable region having a bone part near the skin surface when the vulnerable region is proximate to a soft tissue region lacking a bone part near the skin surface. The garment has an arrangement for shunting a substantial portion of the impact energy from the vulnerable region to the soft tissue region, where such energy may be safely absorbed and/or dissipated. In a further embodiment, there is utilized a dilatent material that is relatively stiff near the time of impact and relatively fluid at other times. Related methods are also provided.

Abstract: Bioerodible polymers which degrade completely into nontoxic residues over a clinically useful period of time, including polyanhydrides, polyorthoesters, polyglycolic acid, polylactic acid, and copolymers thereof, are used for the delivery of bioactive agents, including antibiotics, chemotherapeutic agents, inhibitors of angiogenesis, and simulators of bone growth, directly into bone.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for achieving the fixation of a bone having a medullary canal, and in particular permits the secure and highly repeatable location of the distal locking screws used in intramdedullary nailing of long bone fractures. In accordance with a preferred embodiment of a method of the invention the distal end of an intramedullary nail is locked to the distal portion of a bone by inserting a guide wire into the medullary canal of the bone, drilling a pilot hole through the near cortex of the bone, and using a suitable locator tool that has an arrangement for grabbing the guide wire. The locator tool also has an arrangement for engaging with a suitably configured intramedullary nail. The intramedullary nail is then inserted until it engages with the locator. A distal alignment fixture engaged with the locator can then be used to determine the location of the first distal locking hole.

Abstract: An improved bone cement is comprised of a particulate biocompatible calcium phosphate ceramic and particulate resorbable calcium salt dispersed in a cross-linked biodegradable polyester matrix. The polymer/salt-particle composite exhibits good biomechanical strength/modulus characteristics with surgically acceptable cure times. When used for sustained release of biologically active agents in a physiological environment, controlled release of biological agents that are mixed into the composite can be achieved as the cement biodegrades. When used for bone/implant fixation, or as a filler or cement for bone repair, gradual biodegradation of the cement composite permits, under suitable circumstances, evantual replacement of the cement with developing bone tissue.

Abstract: An improved bone cement is comprised of a particulate biocompatible calcium phosphate ceramic and particulate resorbable calcium salt dispersed in a cross-linked biodegradable polyester matrix. The polymer/salt-particle composite exhibits good biomechanical strength/modulus characteristics with surgically acceptable cure times. When used for sustained release of biologically active agents in a physiological environment, controlled release of biological agents that are mixed into the composite can be achieved as the cement biodegrades. When used for bone/implant fixation, or as a filler or cement for bone repair, gradual biodegradation of the cement composite permits, under suitable circumstances, eventual replacement of the cement with developing bone tissue.