Abstract: A valve guide insert for placement in a valve guide of an internal combustion engine to guide a valve stem of the typical valve assembly while minimizing the valve insert wear. The valve guide insert may be a cast iron or other metal sleeve assembly having a port end and a spring end with a ring made of carbide, stellite, bonded metal or other wear-resistant material positioned inside the sleeve in the vicinity of the port end for engaging the valve stem during reciprocation. The ring can be a separate element retained within a recess of the sleeve, or a metal bonded onto a roughened portion of the sleeve and refinished to form a one-piece insert.

Abstract: A two-piece piston assembly comprises an upper portion or a ring carrier part that may be made of malleable iron, cast iron, or a similar iron, and a lower portion or cross-head part, referred to as a skirt, that may be made of aluminum or an alloy thereof. The assembly is configured to increase the contact of cooling liquid with the underside of the crown and eliminate problems accompanying undue heating in this area of the piston. The cocktail-shaker action of the two-piece piston assembly is employed to enhance the cooling effect. A separate cup-like device is secured around the outside of the lower end of the crown member of the piston and is thus positioned between the upper and lower portions of the piston to retain the oil and effectively deliver it to the underside of the crown.