Abstract: The use is described of polymers which contain, in copolymerized form, an ?-olefin, a vinyl ester and an ester of an ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid as an additive for fuel oils and lubricants and in particular as a cold flow improver in fuel oils. In addition, the fuel oils and lubricants additized with these polymers; and also additive packages comprising such polymers are described.

Abstract: The use is described of polymers which contain, in copolymerized form, an ?-olefin, a vinyl ester and an ester of an ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid as an additive for fuel oils and lubricants and in particular as a cold flow improver in fuel oils. In addition, the fuel oils and lubricants additized with these polymers; and also additive packages comprising such polymers are described.

Abstract: The use is described of polymers which contain, in copolymerized form, an ?-olefin, a vinyl ester and an ester of an ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid as an additive for fuel oils and lubricants and in particular as a cold flow improver in fuel oils. In addition, the fuel oils and lubricants additized with these polymers; and also additive packages comprising such polymers are described.

Abstract: The use is described of polymers which contain, in copolymerized form, an ?-olefin, a vinyl ester and an ester of an ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid as an additive for fuel oils and lubricants and in particular as a cold flow improver in fuel oils. In addition, the fuel oils and lubricants additized with these polymers; and also additive packages comprising such polymers are described.

Abstract: The use is described of polymers which contain, in copolymerized form, an ?-olefin, a vinyl ester and an ester of an ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid as an additive for fuel oils and lubricants and in particular as a cold flow improver in fuel oils. En addition, the fuel oils and lubricants additized with these polymers; and also additive packages comprising such polymers are described.

Abstract: The use is described of polymers which contain, in copolymerized form, an ?-olefin, a vinyl ester and an ester of an ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid as an additive for fuel oils and lubricants and in particular as a cold flow improver in fuel oils. In addition, the fuel oils and lubricants additized with these polymers; and also additive packages comprising such polymers are described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the hydroformylation of ethylenically unsaturated compounds by reaction with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a catalytically active fluid which comprises a dissolved metal complex of a metal of transition group VIII of the Periodic Table of the Elements with at least one phosphoramidite compound as ligand, wherein the fluid is brought into contact with a base.

Abstract: The use is described of polymers which contain, in copolymerized form, an ?-olefin, a vinyl ester and an ester of an ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid as an additive for fuel oils and lubricants and in particular as a cold flow improver in fuel oils. In addition, the fuel oils and lubricants additized with these polymers; and also additive packages comprising such polymers are described.

Abstract: A device (110) for determining at least one optical property of a sample (112) is proposed. The device (110) comprises a tuneable excitation light source (114; 410) for applying excitation light (122) to the sample (112). The device (110) furthermore comprises a detector (128, 130; 312) for detecting detection light (132, 136; 314) emerging from the sample (112). The excitation light source (114; 410) comprises a light-emitting diode array (114), which is configured at least partly as a monolithic light-emitting diode array (114). The monolithic light-emitting diode array (114) comprises at least three light-emitting diodes (426) each having a different emission spectrum.

Abstract: A process for preparing compounds of the general formula (I) by reacting the compound of the general formula (II) where L, L? are the same or different and are each independently Cl or OH in the presence of a. chlorine compounds Cl-M2R1R2R3, Cl-M3R4R5R6, with the proviso that L and L? are not both simultaneously OH, or b. hydroxyl compounds HO-M2R1R2R3, HO-M3R4R5R6. The use of compounds of the general formula (I) as markers for liquids and a process for detecting markers in liquids.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of rylene derivatives of the general formula (I) as markers for liquids, where the symbols and indices have the meanings given in the specification.

Abstract: The use is described of polymers which contain, in copolymerized form, an ?-olefin, a vinyl ester and an ester of an ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid as an additive for fuel oils and lubricants and in particular as a cold flow improver in fuel oils. In addition, the fuel oils and lubricants additized with these polymers; and also additive packages comprising such polymers are described.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the continuous production of aldehydes by the isomerising hydroformylation in a homogenous phase of olefin compositions by means of a synthesis gas, in the presence of a homogeneous rhodium catalyst that is complexed with an organophosphorus ligand containing oxygen atoms and/or nitrogen atoms and a free ligand. The production is carried out at high temperature and high pressure in a multi-stage reaction system consisting of at least two reaction zones. According to the method, the olefin composition is first reacted in a first reaction zone or a group of several first reaction zones at a total pressure of between 10 and 40 bar, using a synthesis gas with a CO/H2 molar ratio of between 4:1 and 1:2 until a 40 to 95% conversion of the ?-olefins is obtained.

Abstract: The invention relates to chiral phosphorus chelate compounds, to catalysts comprising such a compound such a compound as the ligand, and to asymmetric synthesis methods in the presence of such a catalyst.

Abstract: Phthalocyanines of the formula (I) where the symbols and indices each have the definitions specified in the description are suitable as markers for liquids, especially mineral oils.

Abstract: A method is proposed for detecting at least one chemical compound V contained in a medium (312). The method comprises a verification step (420) which is used to determine whether V is contained in the medium (312). The method furthermore comprises an analysis step (424) in which a concentration c of the at least one chemical compound V is determined.

Abstract: The use of compounds of the general formula (I) as markers for liquids, methods for detecting markers in liquids, methods for identifying liquids and selected compounds of the general formula (I).

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of selected dibenzanthrone or isodibenzanthrone derivatives as markers for liquids, in particular for mineral oils. The present invention further relates both to fuel and lubricant additive concentrates and to mineral oils which comprise at least one such dibenzanthrone or isodibenzanthrone derivative.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of polymers which comprise, in copolymerized form, an ?-olefin, an alkenyl ester of a carboxylic acid and an ester of an ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid as an additive for turbine fuels and in particular as a cold flow improver for turbine fuels, to the turbine fuels additized with these polymers, and to additive packets comprising such copolymers.

Abstract: The use is described of polymers which contain, in copolymerized form, an ?-olefin, a vinyl ester and an ester of an ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid as an additive for fuel oils and lubricants and in particular as a cold flow improver in fuel oils. In addition, the fuel oils and lubricants additized with these polymers; and also additive packages comprising such polymers are described.